CELL CELL THEORY The History of the and the By Travis Terry Copyright © 2012-2014 Travis Terry

What is a CELL? The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms. There are many different types of cells, each with their own specific function, that act as the building blocks of living organisms.

Before the 16th century, cells were not known and scientists did not know that life was made up of any other matter… …Because of this, there were some strange medical practices that were thought to help people’s illnesses and diseases. Bloodletting Leeches Scientists and doctors now know that these methods are not practical and are no longer used in most places.

During the 16th century, the Compound Microscope was invented which enabled scientists to understand how life works from a new point of view. Scientists could now see objects that were much smaller than what the human eye alone could see. Without a few certain scientists, we would not understand how life works where we cannot see with our eyes alone. Eventually, the ‘Cell Theory’ was developed because of their work.

Meet the Scientists! of CELLS

Hans & Zacharias Janssen Meet the Scientists! Hans & Zacharias Janssen

1590 Both Hans and Zacharias Janssen, father and son, were Dutch lens makers who produced the first compound microscope.

The compound microscope is used to magnify extremely small objects. What is a compound microscope? A compound microscope is a microscope which uses multiple lenses to collect light from the sample and then a separate set of lenses to focus the light into the eye or camera. The compound microscope is used to magnify extremely small objects. 1590 2012

Meet the Scientists! Robert Hooke

1665 Robert Hooke was an English scientist. He looked at a thin slice of cork through a compound microscope and observed tiny, hollow room-like structures. He called them cells, but only saw the outer cell walls because the cork cells were not alive.

A sketch of Robert Hooke’s view of a sample of cork versus what cork can look like under a microscope, magnified 1000 times.

Meet the Scientists! Anton van Leeuwenhook

1680 Dutch amateur scientist; looked at blood, rain water, and scrapings from teeth through a simple microscope. He called these structures “animalcules”. These are now referred to as micro-organisms. He is commonly known as the ‘Father of Microbiology’.

Meet the Scientists! Matthias Schleiden

1838 German botanist; viewed plant parts under a microscope and discovered that they are made of cells.

Meet the Scientists! Theodor Schwann

1839 German zoologist; viewed animal tissue from animal organs under a microscope and discovered that they were made of cells.

Meet the Scientists! Rudolf Virchow

1855 German physician; stated that living cells come only from other living cells.

Cell division can be observed through the development of a frog.

The cell is the most basic unit of life. With the work of these people… the Cell Theory was developed. The Cell Theory has THREE parts that define it: The cell is the most basic unit of life. All living things or organisms are made of one or more cells. All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells.

How are they similar and All organisms are categorized into one of two groups based on cell type. PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE How are they similar and how are they different?

THE END!

The Cell Organelles and their Functions Nucleus – The cell nucleus is an organelle that contains most of the cell’s genetic material. The nucleus regulates cell growth and metabolism. Nucleolus – The nucleolus is made of RNA and proteins. It transcribes and modifies RNA. Lysosomes – The lysosomes contain enzymes that break down biomolecules. They act as the cell’s waste disposal. Chromatin – Chromatin are macromolecules made up of DNA, protein and RNA. Centrioles – The centrioles help with cytokinesis. (The splitting of a cell) Cytoskeleton – The cytoskeleton gives a cell its shape, and prevents if from deforming. Cytoplasm – The cytoplasm is made up of cytosal, which is a gel-like substance. It is 80% water. Plasma Membrane – Also known as the cell membrane, the plasma membrane is a selectively permeable wall that separates the cell interior from the outside environment. Ribosomes – The ribosomes are made of protein and RNA. They convert genetic material into protein. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures enzymes and proteins. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – The smooth endoplasmic reticulum manufactures lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. Golgi Apparatus – The golgi apparatus, also known as the golgi bodies, packages protein inside a cell, in preparation for secretion. Mitochondria - The mitochondria are a cell’s power plants. They generate ATP.

VIDEO LINKS: Slide 17: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgxIvBiUgiQ Slide 23: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXpAbezdOho Slide 24: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU Slide 27: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRO-DPyB9Bk