Macromolecules Composed of several simple units

Macromolecules Composed of several simple units Bond by one giving up a H+ and the other a OH- H + + OH- form water – Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis - Break apart units by adding a water

Carbon - shares e- to fill outer shell - forms chains Organic Compounds – molecules with carbon - carbon bonds

Carbohydrates Elements - C, H, O Building Block: Monosaccharides – one sugar ex. C6H12O6 – glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

Disaccharides – two monosaccharides ·       Sucrose – table sugar ·       Lactose – in milk Polysaccharides – 3 or more monosaccharides ·       Glycogen – animals ·       Starch – plants ·       Cellulose – structural in plants   Uses – quick energy (mono + disaccharides), - long energy (polysaccharides) - structural (polysaccharides)

Lipids Elements: C, H, O Three Types – all hydrophobic (do not mix with water) · Steroids – 4 fused rings sex hormones, cholesterol, chlorophyll · Waxes - chains bees wax, earwax · Fats – Building Blocks: glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Two Types of Fatty Acids

Two Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Unsaturated

Two Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Unsaturated Solid at Room Temp Liquid at Room Temp

Two Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Unsaturated Solid at Room Temp Liquid at Room Temp Found mostly in

Two Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Unsaturated Solid at Room Temp Liquid at Room Temp Found mostly in animals - butter, animal fat Found mostly in

Two Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Unsaturated Solid at Room Temp Liquid at Room Temp Found mostly in animals - butter, animal fat Found mostly in plants -peanut oil, olive oil

Two Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Unsaturated Solid at Room Temp Liquid at Room Temp Found mostly in animals - butter, animal fat Found mostly in plants -peanut oil, olive oil No Double bonds between carbons Double bonds between carbons

Uses - Energy Storage - Insulation - Hormones - Structural – phospholipids make up cell membrane

Protein Elements: C, H, O, N Building Block: amino acids (a.a.) · Over 20 different a.a. The order and number of the a.a. dictates the properties of the protein

Protein Structure Primary – sequence of a.a. Secondary – chain forms helix or pleats Tertiary – folds Quarternary – two or more chains combine

Uses Structural – cartilage, tendons, hair Food source – egg white Regulatory – hormones (insulin) Enzymes - Catalyst, speeds up the reaction - Are specific and can only work on certain molecules

Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, P, N Building Block: nucleotides 2 types of Nucleic Acids DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid RNA – ribonucleic acid Uses – Genetic Material

Isomers – compounds that differ in structure, but not composition C6H12O6 Isomers – compounds that differ in structure, but not composition

Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds Fat = cal/g

Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds Fat = 9 cal/g Carbo =

Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds Fat = 9 cal/g Carbo = 4 cal/g Protein =

Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds Fat = 9 cal/g Carbo = 4 cal/g Protein = 4 cal/g