Rehabilitation and Recovery Concrete Strategies and Implementation Jonathan Martens Senior Specialist: Migrant Assistance Division November 23rd, 2010 Bratislava

1. Remembering the Context The ‘typical’ beneficiary

Prior to being trafficked… 1. CONTEXT 2. PALERMO 3. OHCHR 4. COMMIT 5. CONCLUSION

Travel and Transit

Violence women experienced during trafficking 1. CONTEXT 2. PALERMO 3. OHCHR 4. COMMIT 5. CONCLUSION FORM OF VIOLENCE YES (%) (n=207) Physical violence 76% 158 Sexual violence 90% 186 Either physical and sexual violence 95% 196 Both physical and sexual violence 71% 148 THREATS DURING TRAFFICKING Woman was threatened 89% 185 Woman's family was threatened 36% 75 Woman AND her family were threatened 34% 70

“How often were you free?”

2. Now you want to help… 1. CONTEXT 2. PALERMO 3. OHCHR 4. COMMIT 5. CONCLUSION 2. Now you want to help…

Spheres of Vulnerability Migrant women Women experiencing sexual abuse, domestic violence, torture Exploited women laborers Trafficked women Women sex workers Source: LSHTM 2003

Some Key Concerns and Challenges Safety personal safety and that of the family. Legal Status in the case of foreign victims who are asked to co-operate with the criminal justice process. Confidentiality that his/her identity will be disclosed to the family, or the general public, and that s/he will be stigmatized as a result. Fear of re-traumatisation that s/he will have to testify in the physical presence of the trafficker or be in the presence of him or his associates at any stage of the criminal investigation or criminal. 1. CONTEXT 2. PALERMO 3. OHCHR 4. COMMIT 5. CONCLUSION

Important Guidelines Do no harm – adhere to ethical / human rights standards. Treat all contact with trafficked persons as a potential step towards rehabilitation. Prioritize the safety of trafficked persons, self and staff. Provide respectful, equitable assistance that does not discriminate. See book for details of each – lots have actions sheets in the handbook –some we will work on today

Important Guidelines 5. Be prepared with referral information and contact details for trusted support persons. 6. Collaborate with other support services. 7. Ensure the confidentiality and privacy of trafficked persons. 8. Provide information in a way that each trafficked person can understand. See book for details of each – lots have actions sheets in the handbook –some we will work on today

Important Guidelines 9. Obtain voluntary, informed consent. 10. Respect the rights, choices, and dignity of each individual. 11. Avoid calling authorities unless given the consent of the trafficked person. 12. Maintain all information about trafficked persons in secure facilities.

Facilitating rehabilitation in an assistance setting 3. Supportive Responses Facilitating rehabilitation in an assistance setting

Common Reactions and Supportive Responses- 1 Fear, Insecurity, Anxiety Description and reassurance of physical security and confidentiality; accompaniment to outside appointments Mistrust of Others Regular inquiries into needs and well-being; patience in developing relationship; unconditional provision of practical assistance and moral support Mistrust of Self; low self esteem Creating small tasks; setting short term goals; validating accomplishments Self-blame, Guilt, Shame Reassurance that what happened was not his/her fault; reminder of his/her courage and resourcefulness under extreme conditions

Common Reactions and Supportive Responses- 2 Anger Remaining calm in face of hostility; patience; implementation of reasonable measures to ensure person’s safety and safety of others Memory Lapses; Dissociation Not pressuring the person; understanding the importance of forgetting for some people Isolation, Loneliness Offering phone contact (or other contact) with family; opportunities to participate in one-to-one or group activities Dependence, Subservience or Defensiveness Assigning small tasks and setting limited goals; reassuring person of abilities; not assuming all responsibility for person’s welfare (allowing person to choose when, how and if they wish assistance)

Economic Rehabilitation Eg. IOM’s ERTV Project – India Multi-stakeholder approach Beneficiary, NGO, Local Government, Private Companies, IOM Flexible business models Franchise, Production Centre, Independent Business, Traditional (eg. Dairy) 3. Sustainability

How assistance supports rehabilitation 4. Facilitating Change How assistance supports rehabilitation

Multiple physical health symptoms that improve with support services 0-14 Days 28-56 Days 90+ Days

Significant Psychological Distress 0-14 days 28-56 days 90+ days

Change in Mental Health 1. CONTEXT 2. PALERMO 3. OHCHR 4. COMMIT 5. CONCLUSION 0-14 days 28-56 days 90+ days Source: Stolen Smiles.

Key Elements to Promote Rehabilitation Individual response required Active participation of the beneficiary Safety is always a primary consideration Comprehensiveness of services Multi-stakeholder approach Importance of monitoring to sustainability There is no single global approach: Each beneficiary should receive support that is tailored to her experiences and resultant needs

End Jonathan Martens IOM Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41.22.717.9469 Email: jmartens@iom.int www.iom.int