Gilded Age 1870-1900.

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Gilded Age 1870-1900

Gilded Age-origin Gilded Age -Period when corruption existed in society but was overshadowed by the wealth of the period Abuses in business and government caused problems for immigrants, laborers, and farmers New Technologies help move America into this modern age.

Inventors/Inventions Thomas Edison Perfected the light bulb in 1880, and motion picture Organized power plants Established first research lab Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876) Henry Ford Assembly Line Alexander Graham Bell

The Steel Industry’s Impact on America Bessemer Process- developed around 1850 injected air into molten iron to remove impurities and make steel-a lighter, more flexible, rust resistant metal Steel is used in railroads, farm equipment, canned goods Engineers use steel to create skyscrapers and longer bridges (Brooklyn Bridge) View Steel Industry Video

The Rise of Big Business Corporation Business with many owners Stock (piece of ownership) Limited liability & Mechanization GOAL: INCREASE PROFITS!! Corporations grew to control their entire industries (Monopolies)

How to become a Monopoly Vertical Integration Owning all steps of the production process Vertical Consoli-dation Raw material U.S. Steel Manufacturing Product Distribution

Horizontal Consolidation Becoming a Monopoly Horizontal Consolidation -A process in which a company controls all competing companies Raw material Independent Companies Horizontal Consolidation Manufacturing Refineries,  pipelines, tankers Standard Oil Trust Product Distribution Fuel, kerosene, oil, tar

The Rise of Big Business Andrew Carnegie Industrialists who made a fortune in steel in the late 1800’s, as a philanthropists, he gave away some $350 million. John D. Rockefeller Industrialists who made a fortune in the oil refining industry U.S. Standard Oil

The Rise of Big Business Trusts -A group of separate companies placed under the control of a single managing board Critics called these practices unfair and the business leaders “Robber Barons”

The Rise of Big Business Social Darwinism Used Darwin’s theory to explain business Natural Selection, Survival of the Fittest Govt. should not interfere Carnegie Library Carnegie Hall Vanderbilt University

Laissez-Faire (hands off) The government largely kept “hands off” towards American business. Businesses were booming! The economy was doing well. Foreign trade reached new heights.

The Rise of Big Business Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 Law outlawing a combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce; important to prevent monopolies. Not initially enforced properly. Benjamin Harrison “What can I do when both Parties insist on kicking”

Poor Working Conditions in the Late 1800’s Most factory workers worked 12 hour days, 6 days a week Steel mills often demanded 7 days a week No vacations, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or workers compensation for injuries on the job Children as young as 5 often worked as much as 12 or sometimes 14 hours a day, for as little as .$27 a day.

The Rise of Labor Unions The Purpose of a labor union was “strength in numbers.” Attempted to gain better working conditions and pay. The Knights of Labor Was the first union to accept workers of all races and gender. Pushed for 8 hour workday, equal pay for women, accepted skilled and unskilled workers

The Rise of Labor Unions The American Federation of Labor (AFL)- Accepted only skilled white males, won higher wages and shorter work weeks for its members Head of AFL was Samuel Gompers

The Rise of Labor Unions Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies Created in 1905, was a radical group of mostly unskilled workers who believed in socialism Socialism-an economic or political philosophy that favors public (or social) control of property and income.

Task 2: Labor Conflict Describe the following events for homework: Great Railway Strike of 1877 Haymaker Riot Homestead Strike Pullman Strike Give details, who - what - when - why - results? Chose 2 of the 4 8-10 sentences

The New Immigrants New Immigrants -Between 1870 and 1920-20 million Europeans-mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe came to America- (Jews/Catholics) Hundreds of thousands more came from Mexico, Caribbean, and China Looked and sounded different than natives Nativism-Movement to ensure that native-born Americans received better treatment than immigrants Russian Jews

The New Immigrants Ellis Island- In New York harbor where most European immigrants came to get processed Angel Island- In San Francisco where most Asians entered US

The New Immigrants 1882-Chinese Exclusion Act- prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country. Was not lifted until 1943. Gentlemen’s Agreement 1907– was reached between U.S. and Japan in which Japan agreed to restrict immigration to the U.S.