Greek City-States Politics and Society.

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Presentation transcript:

Greek City-States Politics and Society

Characteristics of City-States (Polis) Around 800 BCE the polis (poleis) begin to form Allowed people to diversify in occupations The towns become walled cities Each city-state had a guardian deity Ex. Athena= Athens They communicated with gods through oracles Oracle of Delphi 730 BCE many city-states adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels. Governed by landowning families

Sparta Ruled by a military aristocracy Granted rights to the citizens Social Hierarchy: Citizen Soldiers- decedents of original Spartans “Dwellers around”- decedents of first conquered peoples. Could own land, were craftsmen's, and traders. Could not vote Helots- slaves, lowest group, worked on the farms of citizens. Women had more freedom. Ran estates but could not vote Young children trained to become soldiers Oligarchy: Governed by a group of elders in conjunction with two kings Each group had a limited veto power (except slaves)

Athens Formed a democracy over a 100 years or more 507 BCE- direct democracy established All men above 20 could join the assembly (governing body) Women were not citizens and could not become soldiers 120,000 slaves Skilled slaves lived with their masters Other worked in the fields and silver mines Athens was in direct competition with Sparta Athens was a commercial center

Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Much of what is known of these wars come from the writings of Herodotus. A Greek historian Persian Wars: Greeks vs. Persians (Darius and Xerxes) 1st Greek Victory at battle of Marathon (490 BCE) Thermopylae- Stand of 300 Spartans against thousands of Persians. Persians sack Athens after this Salamis- Naval battles that helps bring victory to the Greeks Delian League formed in 478 BCE (falls apart after the Persian Wars) Peloponnesian Wars: 431-404 BCE Athens vs Sparta Sparta defeats Athens in 404 BCE Both city-states decline during this time

Pericles Most famous Athenian statesman Aristocrat Wanted citizens to participate in assemblies to select officials and pass laws