Finish Up the Report! Present the ideas to the class

Some signs that the relationship is improving: In 2003, ceasefire across the Line of Control that divides Indian and Pakistani-administered Kashmir In 2006, Pakistan said it stopped all funding for militant operations in Kashmir, ignoring protests by some of the more influential groups In February 2010 India announced an amnesty for fighters from Indian-administered Kashmir, saying they could return from Pakistani territory Early in 2012, Islamabad (Pakistan) cut by half the administrative funds it issues to groups that still maintain offices in Pakistani-administered Kashmir At the same time it offered a cash rehabilitation package to former fighters to abandon militancy http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10537286

Conflicts over Natural Resources

List Create a list of natural resources around the world that could be causing conflicts

Conflicts over Natural Resources Combination of global industrial development and population growth has increased pressures on natural resources Not evenly distributed Examples:

Gulf War Natural Resource= Oil Question: Why did Iraq invade Kuwait in 1990?? P. 358

Answer Oil had enriched the economies of Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia Kuwait= 2 million barrels of oil a day Iraq= suffered from reduced oil exports- debt of $30 billion AND depressed economy because of war with Iran

Answer 1990 Saddam Hussein ordered invasion to acquire the oil CLAIMS= Kuwait artificial state carved by Iraq’s natural coastline Because of this, Kuwait blocked access to the Gulf coast Blamed them for holding down cost of oil to produce more Illegally pumping crude oil from the Ar-Rumaylah oil fields

Result January 15 1991 January 16 1991 Feb 28 1991 UN told Saddam Hussein to pull out of Kuwait Hussein ignored the ultimatum January 16 1991 Massive air strike was launched Feb 28 1991 Resistance had collapsed Death Toll: 10 000 Iraqi soldiers, 300 Allied

Water Conflicts WHY? Other countries not like Canada US and Mexico: Fight over Colorado River India and Bangladesh over the Ganges River China, 21% worlds population only have access to 7% of fresh water Global warming increasing droughts

Example: The Nile River

Solution 1959 Nile agreement between the Sudan and Egypt for full control utilization of the Nile waters. This agreement included: 84 bcm at Aswan High Dam in Egypt Egypt and Sudan would contract projects that would enhance the flow- share costs Egypt construct the Aswan High Dam to store annual Nile river water Sudan Right to construct Rosaries Dam on the Blue Nile for hydroelectric power- until it utilizes its share

Today: Ethiopia and Egypt “Egypt Rules out War with Ethiopia over Nile River Hydropower Dam” No plans to go to war!