The Building of European Supremacy Society and Politics To World War I

Explain

What were the population and migration trends in the mid 19th c.?

Explain

What resulted from Migration + Industrialization? Industrialization created two worlds – Developed & undeveloped nations Migration patterns expanded due to industrialization & transportation developments From rural to urban From Europe to other regions of the world

C/C the 1st & 2nd Industrial Rev’s: 1st Industrial Revolution Textile, steam, iron based British began Rural > urban migration Changes in gender roles & family structure Consumerism in GB   Middle Class   social problems 2nd Industrial Revolution Steel, Oil, Chemical & Electricity based >>Continental Europe… Belgium, F, Germany Bessemer & Solway Processes… R&D Daimler… Ford … OIL, STEEL, GLASS, RUBBER, etc. Autos!!! Expanding consumerism White Collar / Petite Bourgeoisie More social problems

What were the effects of the Industrial Revolutions? Poor Working Conditions & Wages Child Labor Changing Role of Women Coal Mining Urbanization Education Class Structure Production Modernization of Cities & Buildings Modern Inventions

What were the effects of the Industrial Revolutions What were the effects of the Industrial Revolutions? Talk to a partner and brainstorm Negatives ? Positives ?

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution? Urban Renewal Redesign of Cities Paris – Georges Haussmann Modernizing & Rebuilding Shopping & Recreation New structures Eiffel, Subway, Sacre Couer Suburbs & Shopping Sanitation – Sewers & Water Housing – Safe, Comfortable, Sanitary & Affordable 

La Belle Epoch: Late 19th c. Change

La Belle Epoch: Late 19th c. Change

La Belle Epoch: Late 19th c. Change

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution? Improved health, housing & sanitation Public Health Act 1875 Pave, Light, Sweep streets City inspectors Water Quality… filters Housing redesign Sewers Underground Personal Hygiene Public Bath Houses Food Quality, Preservatives Safety Professional Police Force = Cops & Bobbies

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution? Reform Act 1832 aka Great Refom Greater equality in voting rights No Rotten Boroughs More representation for urban areas Althorp Act 1833 No Child under 9 works 9 hour day for 9-13 year olds 12 hour day for 14-18 year olds No night shifts Other Laws 1840s No women or girls/boys under 10 in mines Mandatory education + Safety improvements

INDUSTRIALISM RAFT: You are a newspaper journalist… after researching the realities & effects of the Industrial Revolution, write a one-page RAFT editorial style that comments on: Industrialization, is it worth it? Include both the positive & negative, communicate a clear position and justify it

Industrialization Effects RAFT A Dateline & catchy Headline An Introduction ¶ Your opinion of whether the effects on individuals & society are mostly positive, negative or mixed, make a clear choice A ¶ on the positive effects on people & society A ¶ on the negative effects on people & society A ¶ of 2-3 recommendations on improvement A visual Relevant picture, graph, cartoon, etc Refer to five (5) different aspects of the Ind. Rev. (think SPRITE minus religion)

Industrialism Document Analysis Set up groups Receive info matrix Receive document Analyze & discuss it (both sides) as a group & list key info on your matrix Use it as a resource for RAFT assignment

What was life like for Women in late 19th c. Europe? Social Disabilities Property Law + Identity Family Law + Education Limits Employment Pink Collar = Low Wages Assumptions? Separate Spheres = Casual Work Oversupply + Poverty = Legalized Prostitution The Middle Class Woman Cult of Domesticity… Religion, Charity, Family Size Political Feminism Class Division, Nationalism, Mixed Message >> ?? SUFFRAGE! Millicent Fawcett v. Emmeline Pankhurst

How did Jewish people fare in 19th c. Europe? Late 1700s >> Late 1800s Progress Western & Central Europe Increasing tolerance & acceptance Citizenship & Legal Rights = Opportunity Limitations to Progress Russia & Eastern Europe Intolerance & Persecution… Pogrom Emigration late 1800s Anti-Semitism in G & F >> Zionism

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution? Utopian Socialism Robert Owen – New Lanark Improve workers conditions Fed, housed & clothed kids Good wages & conditions Generate loyalty Went Bankrupt… Why?

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution? Union Movement Grows… Banned in GB until 1824 Lacked Gov’t support Trade Union Congress 1868 5 big unions collaborate Right to Strike 1870s New Union Movement Includes semi- & unskilled Unions seek… Better wages, benefits, hours, conditions… Collective Bargaining

What factors led to the rise of the European working class in the late 1800s? Unionism Grows with legal recognition and protection Shift to include both skilled & unskilled labor Provides a means to confront inequity Democratization Expansion of the franchise Universal Male Suffrage Liberal political parties form… “Socialist” Reform inevitable due to a political voice

Analyze the Cartoon

Other responses to the effects of the Industrial Revolution: New Ideas by Marx & Engels “Workers of the world unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains!” Communist Manifesto Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat Violent revolution by Proletariat Dictatorship of the Proletariat End game = stateless, classless society Socialist political parties in Europe & around the globe

How did socialism develop in Europe? Marxism & the First International – 1860s Organized info & communicated Marxism = dominant form of socialist thought in mid 1800s Great Britain = Orderly Reform Keir Hardie – 1892 – 1st worker > Parliament Trade Union Congress >> Labour Party develops Fabian Society = change via existing means Government action France = Socialist Factions, Anarchist Roots Jean Jaures = cooperation with bourgeoisie to reform Jules Guesde = overthrow of Georges Sorel = Achieve goals via action = STRIKE Germany = Social Welfare Development SPD survives Bismarck >> social welfare laws Erfurt Program >> Kautsky = improve workers’ lives Revisionism >> Bernstein = social reform not revolution

Russian Socialism: Politics & Economics Sergei Witte = Industrialization Gov’t Planning + French $ = Growth Trans-Siberian RR, Coal, Iron, Textile… Russian Problems Agricultural inequity… high taxes, low prices, kulaks $$ Proletarian Issues.. No unions, poor conditions Divided Socialism… Social Revolutionary Party = no industry Constitutional Democratic Party = constitutional monarchy

Russian Socialism: Politics & Economics Leninism Revolution, not reform **Elite directs the revolution Bolsheviks dominates Mensheviks Russo – Japanese War R loses war, people lose confidence Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg Protestors murdered = No trust in gov’t 1905 Revolution Strikes > Soviets created > Nicholas II v. Duma – reactions?