World History and Geography Section one Maps, Globes And cartography

Cardinal Directions Cardinal directions are the four basic points on a map or globe. This is north, south, east and west.

Earth’s Hemispheres The Earth is separated into four hemispheres These are referred to as the North, South, East and West hemispheres There is an imaginary line called the equator that separates the northern and southern hemispheres

The Earth’s Grid System The Earth is further separated into a grid system that allows geographers and cartographers the ability to find absolute locations for any given location This grid system consists of longitude and latitude lines. Latitude lines refer to the distance a line is from the equator. This distance is referred to as degrees

The Earth’s Grid System (Cont) Latitude lines increase by degrees North and South of the equator. The equator itself is referred to as 0 degrees latitude. Longitude measures the distance east to west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is similar to the equator but instead of splitting the Earth north and south it splits the Earth east and west.

Comprehension Check Based on this information then the Earth is divided into four hemispheres: North, South, East and West In what two hemispheres do we live in?

ANSWER The North Western hemisphere

Different Types of Maps Physical Maps – shows physical locations Political Maps – Show geographical areas as political units Directional Maps – tells us how to get from one place to another Special-Purpose maps – can be used for almost any special purpose such as election night results (see page 13)

Earth’s Regions Geographer’s have three basic regions that they use to identify or categorize areas. These regions are formal regions, functional regions and preceptual regions.

Formal Regions The term formal region refers to an area that is defined by a common characteristic. For Example the region in the United States referred to as the Bread Basket of America refers to the mid-central part of the USA such as Kansas where wheat is the predominant agricultural product (key ingredient to making bread)

Functional Region A functional region is a central place and the surrounding area that is linked to it. For example: Los Angeles or New York and the surrounding suburbs that are linked together by highways can be referred to as a functional region.

Perceptual Region A perceptual region is defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data. For example Dixie refers to most of the south and brings forth images of the deep south such as hospitality, good manners, pleasant personality and of course our famous southern drawl

Vocabulary geography cardinal directions Earths Grid System Prime Meridian Equator longitude latitude absolute location relative location ****The definitions for these words can be found on our class website under Unit 2 Week 2 Maps and Globes along with our learning objectives for this week       

Specific Project Instructions This Weeks Project Assigned 26 August 2013 Due 13 Sept 2013 Project is worth 15o points (equivalent of a test and half) Specific Project Instructions Follow the rubric I gave you on 26 August 2013Draw a map of a new continent you have discovered. Include the following: Title of Map Compass Rose Key Longitude and Latitude lines Bottom Center tell what hemisphere it is in (hint longitude and latitude lines will determine this)

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