Clinical Aspects of Biochemistry

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Haemostasis Prof. K. Sivapalan.

Advertisements

Basic Principles of Hemostasis

HEMOSTAZ Yard. Doç. Dr. Murat ÖRMEN. Vessels Platelets Fibrinolysis/Inhibitors Coagulation Proteins BleedingClotting Hemostaz.

Ch. 45 Blood Plasma proteins, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

From Blood to Host Defense Hemostasis and Clotting

HEMOSTASIS. Hemostasis a body mechanism to stop traumatic bleeding to prevent spontaneous bleeding to keep the fluidity of blood.

Hemostasis/Thrombosis I Normal Hemostasis/Thrombosis; Assessment of Clotting System.

Blood coagulation involves a biological amplification system in which relatively few initiation substances sequentially activate by proteolysis a cascade.

Normal Hemostasis Galila Zaher Consultant Hematologist KAUH.

Drmsaiem FIBRINOLSIS SYSTEM DR MOHAMMED SAIEMALDAHR Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Medical Technology Dep.

Protein Families sequence homology ― gene & protein Swiss Prot blastp

Anticoagulation in the Acute Care Population Aimee Ring PT, DPT, GCS.

Biomaterials ResearchBiomaterials Research - Manfred Maitz The Blood Clotting Cascade Manfred Maitz FZ-Rossendorf

ENZYME CASCADES: BLOOD CLOTTING

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis Professor Asim K. Duttaroy University of Oslo.

Tabuk University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Department Of Medical Lab. Technology 3 rd Year – Level 5 – AY

Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Implant of a Medical Device and the Wound Healing Process.

Clot Lysis and Intravascular Anticoagulants

Section 10: Nutrients and their functions Vitamin K and blood clot formation 01/27/06.

HMIM BLOCK 224 PLATELET AND HEMOSTASIS Dr. Zahoor Lecture - 6.

Dr Mahvash Khan MBBS, MPhil. ◦ Occurs inside the blood vessels, it is also called fibrinolysis ◦ Occurs due to a substance known as plasmin (fibrinolysin)

Secondary Hemostasis Part One MLAB Coagulation Keri Brophy-Martinez.

HEMOSTASIS Secondary hemostasis.

Scheme of Coagulation F XIIF XIIa F XIF XIa F IX F X F IXa F VIIaF VII Extrinsic System Tissue damage Release of tissue thromboplastine (F III) Intrinsic.

Coagulation Concepts A review of hemostasis Answers are in the notes pages.

Hemostasis Constriction of vessel Aggregation of platelets

Coagulation Mechanisms

Curs an IV limba engleza

Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Blood Clotting Pathway. Prothrombin Thrombin Vitamin K Adds γCOO- to glutamate of prothrombin Also VII IX X Coumadin Inhibits vit K action.

Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to: 1.Recognize different stages of hemostasis 2.Describe formation and development.

CLOT FORMATION AND LYSIS FunctionConsequences of dysfunction Rapid formation of mechanically sound clot at areas of injury Bleeding Prevent clotting in.

HAEMOSTASIS & FIBRINOLYSIS

Anticoagulants, Thrombolytic Agents and Antiplatelet Drugs

Physiology of Blood. Platelets Small granulated non-nucleated bodies 2-4 micron in diameter Life span….. 8 days Count…300,000/mm 3.

PHYSIOLOGIC CONTROL OF HEMOSTASIS MLAB Coagulation Keri Brophy-Martinez.

Coagulation and fibrinolysis

Hemodynamics 2.

Outline of the lecture Histamine and H1, H2 – antihistamines

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

Blood Clotting In the absence of blood vessel damage, platelets are repelled from each other and from the endothelium of blood vessels. When a blood vessel.

Platelets. Fig Hemostasis the process by which the bleeding is stopped from broken vessels. steps involved: Vascular spasm. Platelets plug formation.

Coagulation ICU – RLH Mike Cunningham 11 th December 2008.

Blood coagulation. Blood coagulation Blood coagulation Conversion of fluid state of blood into semisolid state by activation and interaction of pro-coagulants.

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Principles of Blood Coagulation

Secondary Haemostasis

Factors against intravascular clotting]

HAEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS Regulation of coagulation

These factors prevent blood clotting - in normal state.

General Principles of Hemostasis Kristine Krafts, M.D.

What is haemostasis? Coagulation Fibrinolysis

Drugs Used in Coagulation Disorders

Dr. Marian Maher Lecturer of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

What is a Blood Clot? 9/18/2018 MEDC 604 Anti-coagulants.

Constituents of the blood: Platelets and plasma

HEMOSTASIS BY: SATHISH RAJAMANI. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR.

and anti-thrombotic pharmocology Tom Williams

Coagulation and Anti-coagulation

Steps in clotting mechanism

Implant of a Medical Device and the Wound Healing Process.

ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS Dr.V.V.Gouripur.

Anti-Coagulants Physical Process of Clotting

Intrinsic pathway Formation of prothombin activator is the central event in the clotting pathway For its formation the pathway that is initiated by.

General Principles of Hemostasis Kristine Krafts, M.D.

A simplified representation of the coagulation cascade.

Hemostasis Hemostasis depends on the integrity of Blood vessels

CLOT FORMATION AND LYSIS

Presentation transcript:

Clinical Aspects of Biochemistry Proteins and Disease Blood clotting enzymes

Blood clotting 1. Platelet aggregation 2. Constriction of injured vessels 3. Fibrin formation

THE CLOTTING CASCADE - A SIMPLE VIEW

FIBRIN FIBRE

FIBRINOGEN - FIBRIN CONVERSION

FIBRINOGEN ~450Å From Voigt & Voigt

FIBRINOGEN - POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN ORGANIZATION From Voigt & Voigt

FIBRIN AGGREGATION From Voigt & Voigt

CROSSLINKING FIBRIN Transamidase (Factor XIIIa) Gln Lys

From Stryer

PROTHROMBIN g-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla): ~10 residues near N-terminus of prothrombin also found in other enzymes of clotting cascade synthesis requires vitamin K (antagonised by dicoumarol and warfarin) facilitates binding to Ca2+ and membrane localisation

Factor X (Stuart factor) Glycoprotein. Mr 55,000 L chain (16.5K) and H chain (39K) joined by S-S bridge. ‘Pro’ bit stays attached after activation Activated by cleavage of 51 residues from N-terminus of H chain by factor IXa + factor VIII + Ca2+ + phospholipid or factor VIIa + tissue factor Factor IX (Christmas factor) Glycoprotein. Mr 55,000 ~ 15% of haemophilia Activated by removal of 11K fragment from factor XIa: IXa: 27K S 17K 11K

FACTOR VIII (antihaemophilia factor) Lack of factor VIII causes haemophilia A - 70-80% of all haemophilia Protein of 2351 aas; gene ~186,000 bp:.

From Stryer

CONTROL OF CLOTTING Dilution and localisation Antithrombin (58K protein; a serpin) Heparin (sulphated glycosaminoglycan) Protein C (zymogen; activated by thrombin) Thrombomodulin (74K glycoprotein) [hirudin - leeches]

INTRINSIC PATHWAY - FEEDBACK

tPA: CLOT LYSIS Plasmin: a serine protease (trypsin like) which specifically breaks down fibrin formed from plasminogen (86K protein), by action of other proteases : urokinase (kidney) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) From Stryer

From Stryer