70 Cities Named After Alexander; 50 Named Alexandria

Section 5 The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Conquered cities adopted Greek customs

Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria Greek = Hellenic Blending of cultures became known as Hellenistic culture Koine (koy NAY) meaning common, a Greek dialect, became the language spoken

Trade and Cultural Diversity Alexandria became the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization

Alexandria’s Attractions Everyone admired its beauty Most well known for its museum and library

Science and Technology

Astronomy Aristarchus made two conclusions 1. Sun at least 300 x’s bigger than the Earth It was thought the sun was smaller than Greece 2. Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun This wasn’t accepted because Ptolemy put the earth at the center of the solar system

Eratosthenes Measurement of the Size of the Earth Astronomy Cont.d’ Eratosthenes estimated the Earth’s true size                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Eratosthenes Measurement of the Size of the Earth

Mathematics and Physics Euclid: mathematician who wrote Elements Basis for geometry

Mathematics and Physics Cont.d’ Archimedes Studied value of pi Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter Invented the Archimedes screw

Philosophy and Art Philosophers became concerned with how people should live their lives. Stoicism and Epicureanism develop

Stoicism Founder Zeno Believed people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of God or the natural laws that God established to run the universe Human desires, power and wealth were dangerous distractions that should be checked. Promoted social unity and encouraged followers to focus on what they could control

Epicureanism Founder Epicurus God had no interest in humans. Humans ruled the universe Only real objects were those that the five senses perceived Greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and the absence of pain Main goal: harmony of body and mind Today it means a person devoted to pursuing human pleasures, especially the enjoyment of good food

Realism in Sculpture Largest sculpture created on the island of Rhodes Colossus of Rhodes

Realism in Sculpture Continued Nike of Samothrace Hellenistic sculptor, more realistic 150 B.C. Hellenistic world declining Rome was growing