Populism + Progressivism Lecture 6

Standard 11.2.1 Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Populists and Progressives Essential Question: How did Muckrakers lay the foundation for the Progressive Movement?

Farmers and the Populist Movement Farmer Alliance, 1870s Farmers = frustrated by falling crop prices formed a group to work together Populist Party, 1890s Farmers tried again with the People’s Party Tried to unite western and southern farmers with eastern factory workers CSS 11.2.8

The Populist Platform Populists saw a need for change Platform increase $ supply graduated income tax federal loan program election of senators by popular vote eight hour work day

Populist Movement William Jennings Bryan, 1896 The Populist candidate “Cross of Gold” Speech Blamed rich for keeping money too scarce He lost the election Interstate Commerce Act

Muckrakers American journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics Laid the foundation for the Progressive Movement Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives Lincoln Steffens Shame of the Cities

Bosses of the Senate

The Problems Big business was unregulated and overbearing Political Machines Monopolies and trusts were too big Cities were filled with crime, filth, disease, and corruption Poor, women, and blacks lacked basic rights Working Conditions

Social Reforms Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 1873 18th Amendment (Prohibition) federal ban on the manufacture and transportation of alcohol motivated by anti-immigrant feelings

Social Reforms Workers’ Rights Keating-Owen Act, 1916 many states passed laws to require job safety, worker’s compensation, and limit work hours Keating-Owen Act, 1916 made child labor illegal but was thrown out by the Supreme Court child labor was finally banned in 1938

The Jungle = + Upton Sinclair Revealed truth about the condition of the Chicago meat packing plants Meat Inspection Act, 1906 authorized federal inspection of meat Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 Labels led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration = +

Political Reforms 17th Amendment, 1913 Australian Ballot voters pick US senators instead of the state congress Australian Ballot a secret ballot

Sister Suffragettes 19th Amendment (Women’s Suffrage), 1920 Carrie Chapman Catt (NAWSA) tried to get states to give women the vote Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, were the leaders of NAWSA by 1919, only 15 states (mostly in the west) gave all women the vote

Economic Reforms Trust Busting Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 Progressives regulated trusts to increase competition Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 Wilson gave the government more power to break up trusts

Economic Reforms 16th Amendment (Federal Income Tax) gave government the right to raise tax on income Federal Reserve Act, 1913 the Fed acts as a safety net so banks don’t go under it decides how much money should exist it sets the interest rate

NAACP 1911 W.E.B. DuBois founded the organization to fight for black rights NAACP targeted the court system Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 segregation, Jim Crow laws, lynching, hiring protested against Birth of a Nation in 1915

Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909) PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909) William Taft (1909 – 1913) Woodrow Wilson (1913 – 1921)