From America to the East COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE From America to the East Diseases: Syphilis is the only significant disease believed to have been transferred from the Americas to Europe

From America to the East (cont.) COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE From America to the East (cont.) Animals: Alpaca, Llama, and turkey Plants: Maize, beans, potatoes, manioc, and tobacco Impact – at least one factor that contributed to rapid growth in 18th century world populations

From the East to America COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE From the East to America Diseases: Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow fever, and pulmonary plague Impact – cause severe decline in the populations of native peoples in/around Spanish and Portuguese colonies; limit the ability to resist European settlements

From the East to America (cont.) COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE From the East to America (cont.) Animals: Livestock – cattle, pigs, horses, and sheep Impact – influence on the environment (some livestock destroyed the crops of the Amerindian farmers) and on cultures of the native people of the Americas

From the East to America (cont.) COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE From the East to America (cont.) Plants: European, Asian, and African food crops were introduced into Americas Wheat, olives, grapes, and garden vegetables (from Southern Europe) Rice, bananas, coconuts, breadfruit, and sugar cane (from Asia and Africa)

Overall significance of the Exchange COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Overall significance of the Exchange The long-term consequences were mixed. It created enormous increases in food production and human populations, Destroyed the ecological stability of vast areas, increased erosion of the land, and led to the extinction of many life-forms.