Bio1H Midyear Exam Review
Unit 1: Biochemistry and Digestion
Topic 1: Nature of Matter Atoms, Molecules Molecular and Structural Formulas Matter that makes up living things Water!!! SPONCH
Topic 2: Bonding and Properties of Water Ionic vs Covalent Bonding Nonpolar covalent vs Polar Covalent Water is a polar substance Cohesion Adhesion High Specific Heat Density of Ice
Topic 3: Basic Chemistry Ph Scales Chemical Equations Reactants Products Balancing equations
Topic 4: Organic Molecules Carbon Based and Functional groups Polymer vs. Monomer Dehydration synthesis Degradation hydrolysis
Topic 4: Organic Molecules Carbohydrates - energy storage, structure Monosaccharide - glucose, fructose Disaccharides - sucrose, lactose Polysaccharides - starch, glycogen Lipids - energy storage, insulation, signaling Triglycerides - saturated and unsaturated Phospholipids Proteins - transport, enzymes, structure, signaling, and more Amino acids (Monomer) Protein folding - effected by amino acid polarity Nucleic Acids - Information molecule
Topic 5: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Metabolism Exergonic vs Endergonic
Topic 5: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Enzymes - biological catalysts Enzyme-Substrate interaction Active sites
Topic 6: Digestion Purpose of Digestion Organs and structures Path of food Helper organs Location of digestion Each organic molecule type Enzymes involved Absorption Structure and Function
Topic 7: Scientific Method Viewed through Enzyme activity What factors affect enzyme function? pH Temperature Enzyme concentration Hypothesis If (the independent variable affect the dependent variable), then (this is my specific prediction). Control groups vs control variables
Unit 2: Dynamic Cell
Topic 1: Microscopy Light microscopes Electron microscopes SEM TEM
Topic 2: Cell Types and …. All cells have… Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA Prokaryote vs Eukaryote How can you tell the difference? Animal vs Plant Organelles Why are cells small? Surface area to volume ratio must be high!!
Topic 2:… Cell Parts Manufacturing Nucleus Ribosomes ER (Rough & Smooth) Golgi apparatus Breakdown Lysosomes Vacuoles Energy Processing Mitochondria Chloroplasts Support, Movement, Communication Cytoskeleton (includes cilia & flagella) Cell membrane Cell Wall
Topic 3: Cell Membranes Fluid Mosaic Model Selective Permeability Phospholipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Cholesterol Selective Permeability Chemical Properties - polarity Size
Topic 4: Membrane Transport Concentration Gradient Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Endo/Exocytosis
Topic 5: Energy ATP - universal unit of energy in ALL living things ATP is used for Cellular Work P Pi + Energy Energy +
Topic 6: Photosynthesis Chloroplasts Light Reaction Review the steps of the Light reaction Highlights…. Water split by enzyme, oxygen formed, photosystems, ETC, ATP formed via chemiosmosis, NADPH formed Calvin Cycle 3 phases Highlights ATP and NADPH used to drive the cycle Many enzyme catalyzed steps CO2 taken in and used Glucose formed
Topic 7: Cellular Respiration Converts energy in sugar to energy in ATP Occurs in plant and animal cells Anaerobic respiration No oxygen Low ATP output Ethanol fermentation - yeasts Lactic acid fermentation - us Aerobic respiration Oxygen Mitochondria used High ATP output 3 stages
Unit 3: Body Systems
Topic 1: Gas Exchange Respiratory System Anatomy Simple Diffusion of Gases Diaphragm Smoking
Topic 2:Circulation Heart Anatomy Vessels Structure and function Double circulation
Topic 3: Endocrine System Glands Hormones Lipid vs Protein Insulin-Glucagon PTH-Calcatonin
Topic 4: Nervous System Neuron Structure and Function Action Potential Neurotransmitters Synapse Reflex Arc Brain Cerebellum Cerebrum Brain stem