I. What is Nationalism? A. Nation 5. Religion- shared by most B. Nationalism: people should unite based on their language, nationality or culture 1. Pos –overthrow absolute rule 2. Neg –extreme nationalism leads to war I. What is Nationalism? 1. Culture – shared way of life 2. History -a common past 6. Nationality – shared ethnic ancestry 3. Language-shared communication A. Nation 4. Territory – land belongs to group 5. Religion- shared by most

II. Nationalist Thought A. Political thought in 1800s Europe: 1) Conservatives – no change: no voting, absolute monarchs rule (nobles, landowners) 2) Liberals – some change: educated vote, more power for Parliaments (middle class, merchants) 3) Radicals – drastic change: all people should vote, government should be full democracy (poor, workers) B. Liberals & Radicals are Nationalists who think loyalty should be to your nation, not a king (esp. foreign king) C. 1827, 1848: Nationalist Revolutions breakout in Europe

III. Nationalism Weakens Conservative Rule A)Ottoman Empire ruled by Muslim Turks 1. Ottoman Turks controlled Greeks, Arabs, Armenians, & Slavic-speaking Balkans 2. Revolutions in Greece (1827)& Balkans (1860s) LOSS 1827 3. Britain, France, Russia help Greeks win. Ottomans forced to grant equal citizenship to all B) Russian Empire ruled by the Romanovs 1. Czar Nicholas I begins Russification  forced Russian culture/language on other ethnic groups in the Empire 2. Nationalist revolution starts in Poland in 1830, Nicholas I tries to further expand Empire in Crimean War (1853) & loses 3. Alexander II emancipates peasants but is assassinated, Alexander III strengthens absolutism – more nationalist revolts