Learning takes time! Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS) Cummins 1 to 2 years to learn social language. Above the waterline, the part of the iceberg we can see, are Levels 1-(2), conversational or survival English. Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) Cummins 5 to 7 years to master academic language. Below the waterline, the big base of the iceberg we cannot see, are Levels (2)-4, Academic English First Peoples Principles of Learning: Learning involves patience and time. Strategy: use visuals

ELL Support is Important Skills developed in one language transfer to a second language. Students with a large academic vocabulary L1 can more easily build vocabulary in their L2 Students with no schooling experience in their L1 take 7-10 years to reach grade level norms; some never do. Students with 2-3 years of schooling experience in L1 take 5-6 years to reach grade level norms Turn and talk: adaptation: in L1. How would you accommodate a student who doesn’t have someone who speaks their language? April 17, 2012 y. Hoh, PhD. R. Psych.