The Later Colonies, c. 1670-1750

Carolina, 1670 Demonstration of England’s growing power Barbados Land, political participation, religious toleration, long exemption from quitrents (land taxes) Relations with Indians Treaties Guns, skins, and slaves “Hold [all local Indian tribes] as our friends…and assist them in Cutting one another’s throats.” 1715 Yamasee War North Carolina, 1712

South Carolina Rice The elite “Above every occupation but eating, drinking, lolling, smoking, and sleeping.” “With Regret we bewailed our peculiar Case, that we could not enjoy the Benefits of Peace like the rest of Mankind and that our own Industry should be the Means of taking from us all the Sweets of Life and of rendering us Liable to the Loss of our Lives and Fortunes.” Slavery: 1690, 1500 slaves; 1730, 20,000 slaves (10,000 whites). Slave system and slave culture Stono Rebellion, 1739

Georgia, 1730 Colonial workhouse Small farms, no slavery, no drinking The right to own property=the right to own slaves 1752: 18,000 whites, 15,000 blacks

The Dominion of New England, 1684-9 King James creates a “supercolony” Glorious Revolution, 1688 Uprisings in Boston, New Jersey, and Maryland End of Dominion, period of “salutary neglect.”

Challenges to Puritan Authority What did it mean to be “Puritan”? Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson The Half-way covenant Growing numbers of non-Puritans Weakening of patriarchal control Conflict with Indians

King Phillip’s War, 1675-78, 1688 On the Maine frontier Brutal guerrilla war between colonists and Wampanoags Refugees flee to Massachusetts

Salem Witch Trials, 1691 Begin when two girls accused an Indian slave of witchcraft Reveal the internal divisions in Salem Reflected the fears and uncertainties of life in New England

Why Did It Happen? Growth of capitalism Acid Trip Independent women and patriarchy Outside forces Conflict with Native Americans

Wars for Empire King William’s War (The War of the Grand Alliance), 1689-1697 Changes to English government Queen Anne’s War (War of the Spanish Succession), 1702-1711, and King George’s War (The War of Austrian Succession), 1744-1748 New importance for the North American colonies The Seven Years’ War, 1754-1763

The First Great Awakening Protestant religious revival Promoted pluralism, egalitarianism, and voluntarism. Rationalism (Deism) Evangelicalism George Whitefield Print revolution Old Lights and New Lights The Conversion Experience Radicals Free choice The Southern Colonies The Baptists

Results of the First Great Awakening Breakdown of denominationalism Development of a common evangelical viewpoint Lessening of “official” religious authority Emphasis on education

Life in the Colonies Growing closer to England Lifestyle Shipping Transatlantic crossings: 1670s, 500/yr; 1730s, 1500/yr Newspapers Consumer goods Lifestyle Diversity Standard of living Gentility Women

The Age of Reason Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment John Locke Aristotelian vs. Copernican view of the world Empiricism The Enlightenment Reason Social Science Progress John Locke Tabula Rasa Social Contract

Benjamin Franklin Born 1706, Boston Printer Time in England Philadelphia England Radical