Judaism: Festivals and Holy Days

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Presentation transcript:

Judaism: Festivals and Holy Days

High Holy Days Rosh Hashanah Days of Repentance Yom Kippur

Rosh Hashanah Time of Year: September Reason for Holy Day: The head of the Year (New Year) Celebrates both remembrance and the birthday of the world Customs: Traditional Jews will wear white as a symbol of cleansing Begins 10 Days of repentance which will end with Yom Kippur The shofar (rams horn) is blown Begins at sunset with a candle lighting at sunset and a blessing Food Eaten: Bread or fruit in honey as a wish for a sweet year Fish

Days of Repentance Time of Year: 10 Days following Rosh Hashanah in September Reason for Holy Day: God judges humanity during this time Ask for forgiveness for sins Customs: Orthodox Jews observe ritual kaparot/expiation using live chickens Light candles in memory of departed family members Will not wear leather shoes as respect for “not wearing the skin of any of the creator’s creatures.” Food Eaten: Day before Yom Kippur Jews will eat a big meal in preparation for a fast the next day

Yom Kippur Time of Year: 10 Days after Rosh Hashanah in September Reason for Holy Day: Most holy day of the year = White Sabbath = Day of Atonement Males over the age of 13 and females over the age of 12 will fast for: Penance for wrong doing Display of self discipline Customs: Focus on spiritual not material things Will not have sexual relations, wash body (other than eyes and fingers) or wear any lotions or cosmetics

Pilgrim Festivals Passover Shavuot Sukkot

Pesach/Passover Time of Year: March/April Reason for Festival: Reminder of Jewish history of slavery/freedom exile/home Customs: After 10 plagues, Jews had little time to flee Egypt (not time to let the bread rise) All grains and breads are cleaned from the house – house is cleaned top to bottom Later, bread will be hidden throughout the house and family must go on a silent search to find it – collected and burned Food Eaten: Next day, will eat unleavened bread – Matzah – to become humble Followed by Seder Feast

Shavuot/Pentecost 50 days later after Passover Time of Year: May/June Reason for Festival: Counting of the Omer – an offering brought to the priests in Jerusalem Customs: A seven week period of mourning – no weddings or celebrations Considered a bridge between celebrating freedom from slavery and the establishment of Jewish Law when Moses brought the Israelites to Sinai and received the Torah. Celebrate first harvest but also study of the Torah

Sukkot/Booths Time of Year: September 5 days after Yom Kippur Reason for Festival: make a Harvest offering (tied to Exodus and agricultural cycle) Customs: Will build a Sukkah – a small building of woven materials that has a trellis so when inside you can see the stars represents the 40 years after Exodus from Egypt when Jews wandered homeless and the 2 millennia of the Diaspora (temporary house). Try to eat and sleep in the structure

Other Important Festivals Hanukkah Purim

Hanukkah Time of Year: November/December Reason for Celebration: Celebration of the Maccabees (The Hammers), who engaged in civil war against Hellenized Syrians between 165-163 B.C.E. and liberated the Jews Eventually drove Syrians out of Israel and cleansed the Temple Customs: Lighting of the Hanukiyah (Menorah) Food Eaten: Latkes – potato and onion fried in oil (in honour of the sacred oil lamps)

Purim Time of Year: February March Reason for Celebration: Spring festival At the heart of Purim is the story of Esther, Purim means “lots” – casting of lots to pick a day for massacre by Haman Custom: People dress up in costumes and go to synagogue, perform plays Food Eaten: Triangular pastries