Draft Riots of 1863 In response to the video – “Civil War Draft Brings Chaos to New York City” – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAWu2cPAsjo, answer the questions below (1) Why was there violence in New York City in response to the draft? (2) What does this say about soldier motivations to fight in this Civil War?

Serving in the Army 1863, New York City Draft Riot … 1861, initially, soldiers volunteered … 1862, Confederacy begins a draft … Draft Act of 1863 … Hiring a substitute / $300 fine

Hesitation to Use African Americans Soldiers 1861 – ’63: “A White Man’s War” …

African Americans in the Army Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation … What does this quote from Frederick Douglass mean? “Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket,” Douglass said, “and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.”

African Americans in the Army 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment … One in 10 soldiers … Delegated tasks … Immediate execution … 70,000 African Americans …

** Read pages 271 & 272, reading about “The Union’s Total War” … [1] What was the Union’s intent upon using “Total War,” and summarize this concept. [2] Was this fair, and why don’t we fight this way today?

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” “The devils seem to have a determination that cannot but be admired. No amount of poverty or adversity seems to shake their faith – niggers gone – wealth and luxury gone, money worthless, starvation in view within a period of two or three years, are causes enough to make the bravest tremble, yet I see no sign of let up – some few deserters – plenty tired of war, but the masses determined to fight it out.” General William Tecumseh Sherman

Is this fair? Known for his “scorched earth” and “total war” strategies “War is all hell.” - Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman

Sherman in Georgia “Total War” strategy                1. a war involving striking civilian as well as military targets, a war without rules;                2. a war involving destroying the enemy’s economy, as well as the enemy’s will to fight

Destruction of the South

Destruction of the South

Destruction of the South

Destruction of the South

Destruction of the South

Destruction of the South

Destruction of the South

Sherman in Georgia Aug., 1864 enters Georgia On Sept. 2, 1864, Sherman enters Atlanta, and the city is set on fire

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Nov. 15 – Dec. 21, 1864 Path of destruction through Georgia at times 60 miles wide, again destroying railroads, warehouses, mills, factories, etc. Causes $100 million in property damage

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox April 1, 1865 Gen. Lee gives up Richmond, flees West Gen. Lee’s surrenders to Gen. Grant on April 9, 1865.

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox From U.S. Grant To R.E. Lee, Appomattox Court-House, Virginia April 9, 1865. General: I propose to receive the surrender of the army of Northern Virginia on the following terms … The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the government of the United States … The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked and stacked … This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside.

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox From R.E. Lee To U.S. Grant Head-Quarters, Army of Northern Virginia April 9, 1865. General: I received your letter of this date containing the terms of the surrender of the army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you. As they are substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect. R. E. Lee, General. Lieutenant-General U.S. Grant.  ** Gen. Lee thanks Gen. Grant, stating, the kindness would “do much toward conciliating our people.”

Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia, 10th April 1865. General Order No. 9 After four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. But feeling that valour and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that must have attended the continuance of the contest, I have determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection. — R. E. Lee, General, General Order No. 9

Interesting Facts About the War 2/3’s of Southerners did not own slaves. In 1860, if the Confederacy were an independent nation, it would have had the fourth largest economy in the world. However, by 1865, its exports of cotton dropped by 95%.