Aim: Who were the seven kings of Rome? Do Now: What was the name of the man who became the first king of Rome on April 21st 753 B.C.E. (Hint: he was a twin)? HW: Latin 2- Quiz on Relative Pronouns Tuesday 11/20 Latin 3- Quiz on Roman Numbers and Roman Numerals 11/20 LHS Meeting Thursday 11/15 at 2:30 in Rm. 202

Romulus (753-715)

Romulus’s problem? Shortage of women.

His solution? Okay, let’s just go take some!

The Romans ended up in a war with the Sabines Finally, in one of the battles the Sabine women stood between the Roman and Sabine armies, begging their husbands, brothers, and fathers to stop fighting

Numa Pompilius (715-673)

A religious figure, quite different from the warlike Romulus Under Numa Pompilius, the Romans experienced 43 years of peaceful cultural and religious growth

Instituted Priests and Priestesses Flamines- priests devoted to Mars, Jupiter, and Romulus (Quirinus) Pontifices- priests responsible for public sacrifices and funerals (Pontifex maximus- the chief official of Roman religion) Salii- the dancing priests of Mars- responsible for the safety of a shield that had fallen from the sky Fetiales- peacemakers- no war could be declared until they declared that it was just Vestal virgins

Temple of Vesta- the eternal flame of ancient Rome was kept burning here

Added the months of January and February

Temple of Janus

Tullus Hostilius (673-642)

A Warrior King Elected by the senate Doubled the population of Rome- conquered the city of Alba Longa and then welcomed the Albans into Rome He added Alban nobles to the Roman Senate

Built the Curia Hostilia- the Senate houses

Ancus Marcius (642-617)

Another Warrior King Grandson of Numa Pompilius but elected to his position Added to Roman territory by conquering neighboring Latin cities

Founded the port city of Ostia

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin the Elder) (616-579)

The First Etruscan King of Rome Born in Tarquinii, an Etrurian city northwest of Rome After moving to Rome, he became friends with Ancus Marcius and was named guardian to his sons He sent the boys away on a hunting trip after the death of his father

Another Warrior Kings Defeated the Sabines, Latins, and Etruscans in battle He expanded Rome and created 100 new senators

Created the Ludi Romani (Roman Games) Consisted of boxing and horse racing Marked out the spot for the games that became the Circus Maximus

Circus Maximus- became the venue for chariot races- the center divider is called the Spina

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus- on the Capitoline Hill

Cloaca Maxima- one of the world’s earliest sewage systems- still exists on the banks of the Tiber

Servius Tullius (578-535)

Son-in-Law of Tarquinius Priscus

Instituted the first Census in Rome Determined the number of representatives each area had in the senate The census divided Romans into those who could afford to equip themselves for military service (Classis- those summoned) and those who could not (infra classem- below those summoned) Citizens who belonged to the classis were further divided into units known as centuries (centuriae)- 100 men Citizens were also divided into tribes depending on where they lived (membership in a tribe became a mark of citizenship)

Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) (534-510)

The Last King of Rome… …and for good reason! Came to power as a result of the assassination of Servius Tullius

He ruled as a tyrant and had an evil family

Rape of Lucretia His son, Tarquinius Sextus, attacked Lucretia- a noble woman and wife of his cousin, Tarquinius Collatinus Lucretia’s suicide sparked a rebellion let by Tarquinius Collatinus and Tarquin the Proud’s nephew, Lucius Junius Brutus Tarqunius and Superbus and his entire family were expelled from Rome

The end… …of the Roman Monarchy