Mucosal Microbes Mitigate Maladies Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin, Steven G. Deeks  Immunity  Volume 46, Issue 1, Pages 1-3 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.019 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The Vaginal Microbiota Impacts Local Immunologic Environment and HIV Acquisition Risk (Left) Women with vaginal bacterial communities dominated by Prevotella spp. and Sneathia spp. exhibited higher vaginal mucosal chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and CCR5+ CD4 T cells, indicating greater mucosal recruitment of target cells able to be infected by HIV. In turn, the presence of such communities was associated with higher HIV acquisition rates as compared to vaginal communities dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus, which exhibited fewer CCR5+ CD4 T cells, lower levels of cytokines and chemokines, and lower HIV acquisition (right). Murine monocolonization studies confirmed the pro-inflammatory capacity of Prevotella spp. as compared to Lactobacillus crispatus. Immunity 2017 46, 1-3DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.019) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions