First Civilization: Sumeria

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Presentation transcript:

First Civilization: Sumeria Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent

Fertile Crescent

Location Mesopotamia or “Land between the rivers” Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Climate: Arid and Dry River: Unpredictable flooding

Work Force/ Labor Force Well organized Controlled water supply by using canals, ditches, reservoirs

Cities Plotted landing using geometry, elaborate watering system, network of roads, and fortification was common Center of the city were Ziggurats City of Ur: 10-50,000 people

Government and Religion Run by Kings (Monarchy) Kings split the power with the powerful priest Kings would create written laws Polytheistic religions

Specialized Workers Priest Warriors Scribes Artisans Farmers/laborers

Achievements 1st written language: Cuneiform Pottery wheel Unit of 60, 360 degree circle Invented the sail and the plow Discovered how to make Bronze

Decline Circa 2000bc crop failure due to soil salinization (salt buildup) Conquered by Babylonians

Babylonians Took many Sumerian ideas Most famous for the 1st written law code Law Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750)

Hammurabi’s Code 282 Articles Dealt with business, marriage, adultery, divorce, incest, inheritance, treatment of slaves, personal injury, medical malpractice, and property damage Very harsh by Western standards: 1st example of Capital Punishment

Decorated Ostrich Egg c. 2550 bc

Ram in Thicket c. 2650 bc

Wreath c. 2650 bc

Dagger 2550 bc

Tumbler c. 2650 bc

Ziggurat

Various statues c. 2500 bc

Various Artifacts

Cuneiform Examples

Sumerian Religious Art