Evolution

A time long ago…………

What was the Earth like? Climate: hot cold Plants: tall short Animals: big small Area: large small

Can we live on Earth with the same conditions?

Evolution

Changes in living things……..

Adaptions…………… Trait that makes a living thing able to survive in its surroundings CAN YOU NAME THE ADAPTATIONS?

Adaptations

All living things in the world have certain kinds of ADAPTATIONS. An ADAPTATION is a trait that makes a living thing ABLE TO LIVE IN SURROUNDINGS.

Adaptations

Natural Selection

Natural selection is the process in which something in a LIVING thing’s surroundings determines if it will or WILL NOT survive to have offspring. Something in nature does the SELECTING Example: OWLS did the selecting

What Happened?????? The color of the mice became lighter. The change was a result of NATURAL SELECTION.

Living things that change to fit their SURROUNDINGS If animals a re able to survive, they can REPRODUCE

Mutations

Adaptations are TRAITS that help living things survive in their environment. Traits can be CHANGED to help animals live in their environments. Mutations can be HARMFUL and HELPFUL

Species Formation

Species is a group of living things that can: BREED PRODUCE offspring Fertile means: ABLE to reproduce Form EGG and SPERM

Barriers

Primate and Human Evolution

FOSSILS are very important when it comes to tracing the EVOLUTION of HUMANS Gives us EVIDENCE of past life

Kingdom: Animal Phylum: Chordate Class: Mammal Order: Primate

PRIMATE order includes:

Primate are mammals with eyes that: FACE forward A well-developed CEREBRUM THUMBS used for grasping

About 45 million years ago, primates EVOLVED into two main groups: NEW-WORLD MONKEYS OLD-WORLD MONKEYS

GROUP 1 NEW-WORLD MONKEY Has Tail Can GRASP objects NOSTRILS open upward HOWLER MONKEY SPIDER MONKEY

GROUP 2 OLD-WORLD MONKEY Ancestors of the group that EVOLVED into APES and HUMAN-LIKE Can’t GRASP NOSTRILS point down Baboons are OLD-WORLD MONKEYS

Human-like ancestors first appeared around 3 MILLION years ago. WALKED upright Shorter Homo sapiens are the only human-life form living today.

APES

Homo sapiens Humanlike ancestors

Homo sapiens Group known as the NEANDERTHAL man. Shorter than modern man Thicker BONES Extinct

Explanations for Evolution

Charles Darwin Book in 1859 regarding evolution & his theory of natural selection Based on Beagle travels around the world

Darwin’s Work Scientist CHARLES DARWIN studied evolution and TRAITS of animals. DARWIN traveled on a boat called the BEAGLE He was looking at PLANTS and ANIMALS He noticed that some plants and animals were SIMILAR

Darwin’s Theory Living things overproduce – more produced than survive Variation – all organisms differ in their traits. There is a struggle to survive – more living things than resources = competition Natural selection is always taking place – individuals with less desirable traits are less fit: “survival of the fittest”

1. Living things OVERPRODUCE More offspring are produced than SURVIVE A single cottonwood tree forms THOUSANDS of seeds. Frog eggs are produced in the HUNDREDS.

There is VARIATION in the offspring. VARIATIONS are traits that make one different from another. BLUE eyes vs. BROWN eyes Some differences are inherited. Tiger moth wings differ in COLOR and PATTERN

There is a struggle to SURVIVE If there is less food, animals will COMPETE for food. COMPETITION is the struggle among living things to get the needs (food) to survive. Young trees compete for LIGHT and WATER.

NATURAL SELECTION is always taking place. If you have LESS desirable traits, you will not survive. If you are a black bear in the arctic, you have fewer traits needed to survive from the hunters. If there is a less chance to survive, there is a LESS chance for REPRODUCTION

If you have desirable traits, you will: REPRODUCE SURVIVE the area

Darwin noticed that organisms were always trying to find a way to survive. He noticed organisms are always CHANGING. Changes do not occur QUICKLY. EVOLUTION is a change in the heredity features of a group of organisms over time.

FOSSIL EVIDENCE

What evidence supports that animals have changed? FOSSILS FOSSILS are remains of plants and animals from the past. LEAF of a plant FOOTPRINT of an animal frozen in ice Insects trapped in TREE SAP

WOLLY MAMMOTH

Where are fossils found? EARTH’S crust In sedimentary ROCKS Sedimentary ROCKS form from other rocks sticking together.

What are sedimentary rock? Rocks that form from SEDIMENTARY rocks. MUD,SAND, and PARTICLES Form at the bottom of the SEAS These fossils are called sediments. They sink to the bottom of the ocean. These fossils FORM LAYERS Fossils give us a RECORD of how animals looked and LIVED in the past.

LAYERS OF ROCK Newest Layer Oldest Layer As you move up, the layers are YOUNGER

NEW EVIDENCE

COMPARE BODY STRUCTURE All animals are CHORDATES Has the same ANCESTORY

Look at VESTIGIAL structures VESTIGIAL structures is a body part that no longer has a function Your APPENDIX has no function Pink bump in your eye is left over from a THIRD EYELID Animals that have these structures are related.

Vestigial Structures

Are all of your CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING questions complete? Is your VOCABULARY done? Is the PRIMATE PUZZLE done on page 622? Is the CRITICAL THINKING complete? WORTH 146pts