Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. iii Id. Sept. A.D. MMXVIII HW Check: syllabus/policies, signed Review Worksheet 1 (Accusative & Pronouns) Review of Comparison of Adjectives & Adverbs Review of Syntax 2: Uses of the Genitive Case Practice with Review Topics Pensum: Complete* Review Worksheet #2 *all sentences; as many MC as you can Study Vocab. List 1 Latin Prose Mr. Finnigan Boston Latin School

Worksheet #1 Review

Uses of the Accusative Case – Practice Caesar dīxit sē in Galliam iter factūrum esse. Caesar omnia, quae usuī navibus erant, parāverat. Caesar in Galliā multōs annōs bellum gerēbat. Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocābunt. Aeneās dīxit, “Forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvābit.” Cicero putābat Catilīnam vastāre rem publicam velle. Catilīna intellexit Marcum Tullium cōnsulem ēlectum esse.

Uses of the Accusative Case – Practice Imperātor cum omnibus copiīs in proelium maturāverat. Dux suōs oppugnāre castra iussit. Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant. Mīlia passuum XVIII murum perducunt. Caesar arbitrātus est Pompeium malum esse. Catilīna domum Cicerōnis īre et eum interficere voluit.

Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Comparison of Adjectives all adjectives have 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative positive is basic quality of the adj. comparative indicates having more of the adj. quality superlative indicates having the most of the adj. quality recognizing and translating the degrees of comparison: POSITIVE form: this is the dictionary entry form of the adjective translation: simply translate the adjective e.g.: certus, -a, -um: certain / fortis, forte: brave

Comparison of Adjectives COMPARATIVE form: recognize by -ior in the form (-ius in neut. sg. nom/acc) decline with 3rd decl. endings translation: more _____ [or _____er] rather _____ too _____ e.g.: certior, certius (gen. certiōris): more/rather/too certain fortior, fortius (gen. fortiōris): more/rather/too brave

Comparison of Adjectives SUPERLATIVE form: recognize by -issim in the form decline with 1st/2nd decl. endings translation: most _____ [or _____est] very _____ e.g.: certissimus, -a, -um: most certain, very certain fortissimus, -a, -um: bravest, very brace note! all adj. with nom. sg. in –er add –rimus to nom. sg. some adj. with nom. sg. in –ilis add –limus to the stem

Irregular Comparison of Adjectives

Irregular Comparison of Adj. Positive Comparative Superlative bonus, -a, -um good melior, melius better optimus, -a, -um best, very good malus, -a, -um bad peior, peius worse pessimus, -a, -um worst, very bad magnus, -a, -um great maior, maius greater maximus, -a, -um greatest, very great parvus, -a, -um small minor, minus smaller minimus, -a, -um smallest, very small multī, -ae, -a many plūrēs, plūra more plūrimī, -ae, -a most

Comparison of Adverbs

Comparison of Adverbs POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE forming: built from 2-1-2 adj. by adding –e or 3rd decl. adj. by adding –ter translating: _____ly COMPARATIVE forming: same as neut. acc. sg. of the comparative adj. form from which the adv. is derived; ends in –ius translating: more _____ly, rather ______ly, too _____ly SUPERLATIVE forming: like superl. adj., but ending in –ē translating: most _____ly, very ______ly

Uses of the Genitive Case

Uses of the Genitive Case there are many uses of the genitive, but basically it is used to limit or qualify another noun think of it as a noun acting like an adjective OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE these uses are different but are closely related they both limit/qualify a noun that has a verb-y idea at its root (e.g. leader, love, care, fall) it is objective if it acts like the object of the verb-y noun it is subjective if it acts like the subject of the verb-y noun trick: make the verb-y noun into its verb and then translate; does the gen. noun become the subject or object? *objective gen. is the most common use of the gen.

Uses of the Genitive Case PARTITIVE GENITIVE aka the ‘gen. of the whole’–states the whole of which something is a part common with: superlative adjectives the nouns: pars, partis, f. (part), nimis (too much), nihil (nothing), satis (enough), plūs (more) pronouns, especially neuters (e.g. quod, quid) GEN. OF POSSESSION used to show the possessor of another noun

Uses of the Genitive Case GENITIVE OF DESCRIPTION (QUALITY/CHARACTERISTIC) used to describe another noun gen. must be qualified by an adjective basically interchangeable with the abl. of description PREDICATE GENITIVE (APPOSITIONAL) used with a form of sum, esse as a predicate any case may be its subject in essence, very similar to the pred. nom. most commonly seen in poetry