10/31/16 We will complete the review for the Test on Tuesday 11/1/16

Texas Revolution Era This era deals with the Texas revolt against Mexican rule which began in 1835, the establishment and affairs of an independent Republic of Texas, and the eventual annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. This includes overlap with the Mexican national period in discussing the causes of the revolution, the events of the revolution, the issues facing the new Republic, and its decision to join the United States.

Fredonian Rebellion- In 1826, in Nacogdoches, a group of Texans formed the Fredonian Republic led by the Edwards Brothers, claimed the area was no longer under Mexican control. Stephen F. Austin sided with the Mexican government and marched to Nacogdoches to help stop the rebellion. It ended quickly and the Mexican Government kicked the Edward Brothers out of Texas.

Fredonian Rebellion Hayden Edwards and his brothers claimed the Stone Fort in Nacogdoches for Texas. They then declared it to be the Republic of Fredonia. Stephen F. Austin was upset with him and sided with the Mexican Government.

Mier y Teran Report- In 1828, the Mexican government sent Gen. Manuel Mier y Terán to investigate the conditions in northern Texas. He found that the Anglo-Americans outnumbered Mexicans 10 to 1. The report resulted in the Law of April 6. Urged the Mexican Government to place more troops in Texas. Said that Texas was more like the US than Mexico

Law of April 6, 1830- • Outlawed immigration from the U.S. to Texas and canceled all empresarial grants that had not been fulfilled. It did encourage European immigration. • Slaves could no longer be brought into Mexico to work, and they placed customs duties on all goods entering Texas from the U.S. 1-Outlawed Immigration to the US 2-Cancelled Empresario Contract 3-Encouraged Mexican Settlement 4-No Slavery 5- Taxes on Goods

Law of April 6, 1830 The goal was to limit the American influence in Texas

Travis Arrested at Anahuac- • William T. Logan comes to Anahuac from United States looking for 2 of his slaves who had run away • Bradburn refused to give back the slaves without proof of ownership • Logan hires William Travis to help recover his slaves. Travis lies about an army coming to Anahuac to fight over the slaves. • Bradburn rallies soldiers only to see Travis brought no soldiers and has Travis arrested along with along with Travis partner, Patrick Jack over the lie.

Travis arrested at Anahuac Texans declared their loyalty to the Federalist Mexican Government

Turtle Bayou Resolutions- • Anahuac settlers gathered at Turtle Bayou because of the disturbance at Anahuac. They drafted resolutions that stated that they pledged their continued loyalty to Mexico under the Constitution of 1824. • Santa Anna seemed to support the Constitution of 1824. This event resulted in Colonel Jose de las Piedras ordering the release of William B. Travis and Patrick Jack from jail. Bradburn was dismissed from his command.

Turtle Bayou Resoulution The Anahuac settlers gathered at Turtle Bayou because of the disturbance at Anahuac. This event resulted in Colonel Jose de las Piedras ordering he release of William B. Travis along with his partner Travis Jack

Stephen F. Austin Arrested- • Austin travels to Mexico to meet with Mexican officials. • When he gets there, Santa Anna has become the leader of Mexico, but so much time has gone by that Austin sends a letter back to Texas to tell Texas officials to establish a state government. • He gets a meeting with Santa Anna that agrees to many of the grievances and returns to Texas. • On his return, he is arrested for treason because of the letter he wrote to Texas officials earlier. He is not allowed to return to Texas until summer of 1835

Austin Arrested When he was released from prison he had to stay there to wait for the final decision his case. He thought that Santa Anna was becoming a dictator

Battle of Gonzales “Come and Take It”/ “Lexington of Texas”- • First battle of the Texas Revolution – October 2, 1836 • Citizens of Gonzales would not give up a cannon that was given to them by the Mexican government to protect them from Indians. • A militia led by J.H. Moore flew a flag over it that said “Come and Take It”. • The militia fired the cannon on October 2 at the Mexican soldiers, a battle began, and so did the Texas Revolution.

Battle of Gonzales Known as the “Lexington of Texas” because the Mexicans attempted to take arms and ammunition away from the colonists. It made Mexico realize that they were at war with Texas.

Battle of San Antonio- • The Texan Army surrounded San Antonio starving the Mexican Army for 2-3 months. In December of 1835, the Texan Army fought for 3 days eventually defeating the Mexican Army. General Cos surrenders to the Texan Army and leaves San Antonio. Nov-Dec 1835; fight between Texas and Mexico The Texans won General Cos and his men retreated

Convention of 1836- • Texas delegates met at Washington-on-the-Brazos. • Declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836 • Wrote a constitution to form an ad interim government for the Republic of Texas Declared Texas as Independent It was written by George Childress

Siege of the Alamo “Remember the Alamo”- The siege of the Alamo and all the heroic defenders who gave their lives there • Santa Anna arrived in San Antonio. • The Texans moved into the Alamo and for 13 days fought the Mexicans. • The fall of the Alamo occurred on the morning of March 6, 1836. • 1800 Mexican troops fought against approximately 189 Texans. • All Texans were killed, and approximately 600 Mexican soldiers were also killed

Battle of the Alamo Texans fought for 13 days Mexico won Ended March 6, 1836 1800 Mexican troops vs 189 Texans All Texans were killed About 600 Mexican’s were killed

Battle at Goliad “Remember Goliad”- • Colonel James Fannin surrendered his 300 men at the Battle of Coleto because he was pinned on the open prairie. • They fought the Mexicans off, but Fannin decided to surrender to prevent more deaths. • They were marched to Goliad, and Urrea told them they were not going to be killed, but Santa Anna ordered the captives to all be shot on March 21, 1836.

Goliad James Fannin surrendered 300 men at the Battle of Coleto He and his men were marched to Goliad where they were executed on March 21, 1836

Battle of San Jacinto- • April 21, 1836, Shortest battle in history • Sam Houston led the Texas forces – 800 men • Santa Anna led the Mexican forces – 1300 men • Houston burned every way out of San Jacinto and attacked the Mexican Army about 3:00 p.m. • The battle lasted 18 minutes • Santa Anna was captured the next day and surrendered to Sam Houston April 21, 1836 Final Battle of the Revolution Santa Anna surrendered and Texas won their independence from Mexico.

Treaty of Velasco- Peace Treaty between Texas and Mexico • One was public, to be immediately published, and included provisions to end the fighting. • The secret treaty, to be released after publication of the public treaty, said that Santa Anna would work for official independence of Texas. • The government in Mexico rescinded all of the provisions agreed to by Santa Anna and refused to recognize Texas as an independent entity. Was signed by Antonio Lopez after the battle of San Jacinto Was not honored by Mexico

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- Dictator of Mexico, and military leader of the Mexican Army during the Texas Revolution Believed that the Texas Rebellion had been crushed following the battle of the Alamo because the Texas Army seemed to be completely defeated. Sam Houston- Leader of the Revolutionary Army during the Texas Revolution Leader of the Texas army which grew larger and beccame better trained between the Battles of Gonzales and San Jacinto

Jim Bowie-Sent to the Alamo to decide if the Texians should defend it Jim Bowie-Sent to the Alamo to decide if the Texians should defend it. He said yes and became the leader of the volunteer army. Became sick before the battle and fought against the Mexican army on his deathbed. Died at the battle of the Alamo William B. Travis- • He was a military leader of the Texas forces at the Alamo; was killed by Mexican forces at the Alamo • William B. Travis's letter "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World" • Travis wrote this letter to recruit men to help him and his men at the Alamo after Santa Anna showed up in San Antonio, February 23.

James Fannin-• Led the Texans at Coleto Creek and surrendered to Urrea; later he was executed at Goliad by order of Santa Anna Leader fo the troops at Goliad who made some bad decisions. He was executed along with his men Hayden Edwards- Empresario for Mexico, became angry over new rules from the Mexican government. He decided to claim Nacogdoches as a free state from the Mexican Government. One of the Edwards brothers that claimed Fredonia was a republic, which made Austin angry Later became an empresario.

John Bradburn- His actions as commandant of the garrison at Anahuac in Mexican Texas in 1831 and 1832 led to the events known as the Anahuac Disturbances. The local settlers resented Bradburn's efforts to withhold land titles from those who had squatted in unauthorized areas. Arrested Travis and Jack because he believed they were spreading false rumors that tn armed force from Louisiana was headed to Anhuac