Biodiversity and Changing Ecosystems https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-colossal-consequences-of-supervolcanoes-alex-gendler

What is biodiversity’s value? The number of different species in an area is called the area’s biodiversity There are many reasons why preserving biodiversity is important Economic value Ecological value

Economic value Organisms provide people with food Organisms supply the raw materials for clothing, medicine, etc. Tourism for viewing wildlife Ecotourism is an important source for jobs and money for nations like Brazil, Costa Rica, and Kenya

Ecological Value All species in an ecosystem are connected to one another A Keystone species is one that influences the survival of many species in an ecosystem

What factors affect biodiversity? Climate – tropical rainforests have fairly constant temperatures and large amounts of rainfall Area – more species are found in a larger area Niche diversity – a niche is the role of an organism in its habitat and a coral reef enables a greater number of organisms to live in it than a sandbar Genetic diversity – species with a less diverse gene pool are less able to adapt to and survive changes in the environment

Extinction of species The disappearance of all members of a species from earth is called extinction Endangered species are those that are in danger of becoming extinct in the near future Threatened species are those that could become endangered in the near future

Changing ecosystems Succession is the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time Primary succession Secondary succession

Primary Succession Primary succession is the series of changes that occurs in an area where no soil or organisms exist Volcanoes cause soil to be destroyed Pioneer species are the first species to populate an area Lichen, fungi, and algae, as they grow, help break up rock and form soil As organisms die, they provide nutrients that enrich the layer of soil forming on the rock

Secondary succession Secondary succession is the series of changes that occurs in an area where the ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and organisms still exist Fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, farming and logging Secondary succession occurs more rapidly

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