Statistical Reasoning Discussion Paragraph: 5B 1 web 47. Polling Organization 48. Harper’s Index 1 world 49. Applying the Guidelines 50. Believable Results 51. Unbelievable Results 52. Legal Experts 53. Biased Questioning 5C 48. CO2 Emissions 49. Energy Table 50. Statistical Abstract 1 World 51. Frequency Tables 52. Bar Graph 53. Pie Chart 54. Histogram 55. Line Chart Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Unit 5D Graphics in the Media Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Graphics Beyond the Basics A multiple bar graph has two or more sets of bars that allow comparison between two or more data sets. All the data sets must involve the same categories so that they can be displayed on the same graph. A stack plot shows different data sets in a vertical stack. Stack plots usually use either stacked bars or stacked line graphs. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

A Multiple Bar Graph The following multiple bar graph shows how education affects personal employment. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Education and Employment CN (1a-b) 1. Examine Figure. a. What is its major message? b. Why are the two sets of bars shown separately that next to each other? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

A Stack Plot The following stack plot shows trends in death rates from four diseases. Illustrate with this graphic how color can help the researcher identify, at a glance, patterns and key geographical regions that may be of an influence in the context of the study. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Reading a Stack Plot What was the death rate for tuberculosis in 1930? About 220 – 100 = 120 deaths per 100,000 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Stack Plot CN (2) 2. What was the death rate for cardiovascular disease in 1980? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Interpreting Geographical Data CN (3) 3. Which state has the highest per capita energy usage? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Interpreting Geographical Data CN (4) 4. Were there any temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the US on the date shown? Where? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Three Dimensional Bird Migration CN (5-6) 5. About what time was the largest number of birds flying over the east-west line marked by the seven cities? 6. Over what part of New York did most of the birds fly? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Olympic Women CN (7) Describe 3 trends shown in this figure. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

A Few Cautions about Graphics Perceptual distortions: Many graphics are drawn in a way that distorts our perception of them. Watch the scales: It can be visually deceptive if you do not study the scales carefully. Percentage change graphs: Graphs that show percentage change can be misleading unless you interpret them with great care. Pictographs: Pictographs are graphs embellished with additional artwork. The artwork may make the graph more appealing, but can also mislead. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Perceptual Distortion The lengths of the dollars to the right represent the data, but your eyes tend to focus on the area. Show students why many two-dimensional graphics can distort our perspective either intentionally or unintentionally. Explain the idea of area versus length of the dollars. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Different Vertical Scales Illustrate and stress the importance of choosing a scale when graphing data and reading a graph's scale carefully. Help students realize that the choice of a scale can change the look of the data. Both graphs show the same data, but they look very different because their vertical scales have different ranges. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Different Horizontal Scales Illustrate and stress the importance of choosing a scale when graphing data and reading a graph's scale carefully. Help students realize that the choice of a scale can change the look of the data. It appears that the world population has been rising linearly. However, the time intervals on the horizontal axis are not uniform in size. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Quick Quiz CN (8) 8. Please answer all ten of the quick quiz questions together as a group. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

5D Homework Discussion Paragraph (5B and5C) p.345: 1-12 1 web 1 world 39. Weather Maps 40. Cancer Cure 1 world 41. News Graphics 42. Geographical Data 43. Three-Dimensional Effects 44. Graphic Confusion 45. Outstanding News Graph Class Notes 1-8 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.