Enactment of segmentation

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Presentation transcript:

Enactment of segmentation 2 volunteers to act as routers 10 volunteers to act as Kbits 10 Kbit message travels via store-forward, vs 2 Kbit segments travel via store-and-forward Gain due to pipelining!

Transport service reqs of apps Application file transfer e-mail Web documents real-time audio/video stored audio/video interactive games instant messaging Data loss no loss Bandwidth elastic Time Sensitive no

TCP or UDP Application Underlying layer protocol transport protocol SMTP [RFC 2821] Telnet [RFC 854] HTTP [RFC 2616] FTP [RFC 959] proprietary (e.g. RealNetworks)‏ (e.g., Vonage,Dialpad)‏ Underlying transport protocol Application e-mail remote terminal access Web file transfer streaming multimedia Internet telephony

Stateless protocols Where did we see this stateless idea before? What if keeping state is inevitable? (DNS)‏ Use soft-state, state that flushes itself periodically

How do cookies invade privacy? How can big vendors figure out the external sites you visit? Big vendors advertise to many web sites. When the advertisement is requested, your cookie information goes along side it to the vendors webserver.

Ftp is not firewall friendly. Why? Server initiates data connection to the client Data connections can be to arbitrary port numbers

S: What is your mail reader? elm/pine outlook netscape/mozilla thunderbird gmail/yahoo/hotmail UB's webmail portal

Why not SMTP directly to end host? This would require sender and receiver to be always on in anticipation of messages. Indirection helps in several other problems.

Why is SMTP not P2P? The mail servers act as peers don't they? Servers are almost always on, no peer join/leave.

Why not centralize DNS? single point of failure traffic volume distant centralized database maintenance doesn’t scale!

Difference between local DNS and authoritative DNS ? Local DNS is a cache at the client side Authoritative DNS is the authoritative source at the server side

Why the random selected upload peer in Bittorrent? To explore, and optimize, not to get fixed in a local minima.