Reduction of heparin dose is not beneficial to platelet function

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Reduction of heparin dose is not beneficial to platelet function Takayuki Nakajima, MD, Kohei Kawazoe, MD, Kazuyuki Ishibashi, MD, Yoshimitsu Kubota, Tatsuya Sasaki, MD, Hiroshi Izumoto, MD, Tohru Nitatori, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 70, Issue 1, Pages 186-190 (July 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8

Fig 1 In all patients, additional heparin was not administerd during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The activated clotting times (ACTs) were significantly higher in the control group than in the low-dose group (p < 0.0001; ANOVA). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 2 The platelet (Plt) counts were significantly lower in the control group than in the low-dose group (p < 0.01; ANOVA). (CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 3 The β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) concentrations during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increased gradually in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 4 The platelet facter 4 (PF4) concentrations during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increased gradually in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 5 Lower magnified scanning electron micrograph of the arterial filter obtained from the low-dose group. (×350 before 5% reduction.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 6 Lower magnified scanning electron micrograph of the arterial filter obtained from the control group. (×350 before 5% reduction.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 7 Highly magnified scanning electron micrograph of the neutrophil leukocyte on the surface of the arterial filter meshwork (Fm) obtained from the control group. Segmented nucleus (Sn), small specific granules (arrowheads), and azurophil granules (arrows) are observed in the cytoplasm. (×7,500.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)

Fig 8 Cellular adhesion on the arterial filters approximated by scanning electron microscopy views. There were significant differences between two groups (p < 0.01: Mann-Whitney U test). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 186-190DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01389-8)