BELLWORK: April 10th How was WWI different on the Eastern Front? Describe Russia’s role in WWI. Where did they invade? Define proletariat. How is this different than the bourgeoisie? THINKER: Brainstorm a list of things you know about communism. What is it? How does it work? Why would people support it?

Review: Eastern Front Russia, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans After Russia mobilized quickly, Germany had to divert troops East Limited success Pattern  Russians could defeat Austrians, but not the Germans, and Germans had to keep coming to aide of Austrians Russia’s position worsened once OE joined (cut main supply route)  Lost land greater than France  downfall! Russia received little help from allies who were occupied on the Western Front.

From the fall of the Romanov dynasty to the establishment of Communism Russia and WWI From the fall of the Romanov dynasty to the establishment of Communism

The Russian Empire Ruled by Romanov dynasty: 1721 – 1917 One of the largest empires in history (landmass only surpassed by Macedonia & Mongols) Empire was home to over 125 million people  more than 60 nationalities and 100 different languages! The Empire was an autocracy, lead by a Czar. Russian Empire Spheres of Influence

Czar Nicholas II Czar Nicholas II: leader during WWI overthrown in the Russian Revolution His harsh & oppressive policies created a huge wave of rebellions from peasants, radicals, communists, farmers, anarchists and reformers.

Emergence of Communism in Russia The ineffectiveness of Czar Nicholas II, combined with the losses in WWI, created a desire to revolt. The working class (proletariat) who were oppressed by the government, favored a political overthrow and transition towards communism.

Emergence of Communism in Russia In order to understand the causes/effects of the Revolution, you need to understand communism and Marxist ideology. This is an extremely important event in world history that will shape most of the 20th century. Pay attention! Participate! Ask questions!

Capitalism vs. Communism Discuss  What is capitalism? Capital – money for investment The U.S. economy is capitalist! Thinking about that, consider the following: How do people make money in the U.S.? What should you do if you want to make more money? How do you get a higher position at your job? How is the government involved in business? What determines product cost? Who has the power? How is wealth divided? Are there classes in our society?

Capitalism vs. Communism Capitalism is dependent on three main things: Wage Labor (working for a wage) Private Ownership & Competition Production for Profit

What could potentially go wrong with capitalism?

“Freedom in a capitalist society always remains about the same as it was in ancient Rome; freedom for slave owners.”

Capitalism vs. Communism Brainstorm a list of things you know about communism. What is it? How does it work? Communal – common (ownership), universal, one group Goal of communism is to establish common ownership of the means of production, and have the absence of social classes, money, and the state. Based off the ideology of Karl Marx Let’s read an introduction to communism and Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto. Be ready to discuss!

Intro to Russian Revolution Just as the U.S. became involved in WWI, Russia will withdrawal from the war. In order to learn more about what happened to Russia……Read pgs. 654-658 and complete the front page of the Russian Revolution worksheet. This is a key event in war and a major turning point in Western-Russian relations, so make sure you read and understand it!

Discussion What could potentially go wrong with communism? What would have to happen in order for communism to be successful?

Russian POW’s after being captured by Germany Russia & WWI Against counsel and advisor’s suggestions, Nicholas II mobilized for war in July 1914 Germany asked Russia to reconsider three times Mobilized 3.1M men, but in every other aspect, Russia was unprepared for war: Lack of advanced transportation system Long distance to front (800 miles) Russian industry was too small to equip the massive army Reserves of ammunition were small Short on guns, motorized transports, boots War of attrition in East = huge death toll 1915: Nicholas II took over as commander of troops; disconnected War effort caused Nicholas to ignore domestic problems = massive revolts & strikes Russian POW’s after being captured by Germany

From left to right: Olga, Maria, Nicholas II, Alexandra, Anastasia, Alexei, and Tatiana. Pictured at Livadia Palace in 1913

Russian Revolution – change of power & government Czar Nicholas II Autocracy Vladimir Lenin Communism

Video: Russia, Land of the Tsars As you watch the video (volume 1; part 2; 58:00), take notes on the following points: Nicholas II’s rule (reasons for unpopularity) Russia’s entrance in to WWI Russia fighting WWI Lenin & Revolution End of the Romanov dynasty

Intro to Russian Revolution Just as the U.S. became involved in WWI, Russia will withdrawal from the war. In order to learn more about what happened to Russia……Read pgs. 532-535 and complete the front page of the Russian Revolution worksheet. This is a key event in war and a major turning point in Western-Russian relations, so make sure you read and understand it!

Russian Revolution Wkst Use pgs. 532-535