Monday, Oct 1st, 2018 LEQ: How can you use physical structures in an organism to determine evolutionary relationships? WU: Why is it rare to find fossils in igneous and metamorphic rocks? Igneous rocks form from molten rock. Metamorphic rocks are put under great heat and pressure. Fossils can’t usually survive these extreme conditions.

Agenda: 1st, 4th, 5th -Collect vocabulary homework (evolution, morphology, embryology, suppression) -Review morphological changes. -Introduce homologous structures HW: Neandertal Article with Questions Due Fri 10/5 Blue-eyed Article with Questions Due Fri 10/5

Agenda: (3rd) -Collect vocabulary homework (evolution, morphology, embryology, suppression) -Morphological changes with Fossil Lab HW: Neandertal Article with Questions Due Fri 10/5 Retake tomorrow

Major Evidence for Evolution Fossil record ✔ Morphology ✔ Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures Embryological development Biochemical evidence--DNA

1. Fossil Record What does the Fossil Record tell us about organisms? Looks (size, shape, etc.) Where or how they lived? What other organisms they lived at that time? ✔

✔ What time period they lived in (based on location in rock layers) What order living things came in (based on location in rock layers) Transitional forms Organisms that were intermediate (between) two other major organisms ✔

Major Evidence for Evolution Fossil record ✔ Morphology ✔ Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures Embryological development Biochemical evidence--DNA

2. Morphology In the fossil lab, we studied the morphology of the genus, Adventurian. We look at how the structures evolved over millions of years.

Example: Horse Answer: The skulls all have similar ridge that protrudes from the top. The overall shape is the same. Each skull has a set of flattened teeth. Each skull has a large diastema, or gap between the front and back teeth. Example: Horse Give at least two similarities between the skulls that might lead to the conclusion that these are all related species.

Example: Horse Answer: The size of the skull is dramatically larger in the modern horse. Example: Horse What is the biggest change in skull anatomy that occurred from the dawn horse to the modern horse?

What is the biggest change in leg anatomy that occurred from the dawn horse to the modern horse? Answer: The modern horse has much longer legs (started about the size of a dog) has developed hooves in place of hand/foot bones (changed from 4 toes, to 3 toes to 1 hoof)

Located in New York, New York

Major Evidence for Evolution Fossil record ✔ Morphology ✔ Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures Embryological development Biochemical evidence--DNA

3. Homologous Structures Homologous Structures are bodily structures, in organisms that share a common ancestor, that are similar in structure, but different in function.

Focus on Human Arm

Homologous Structures