Literary Elements Expository texts – a short nonfiction work about a particular subject. They give information, discuss ideas or explain a process. Fiction – prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events. Term is usually used for novels and short stories, but may also apply to drama and narrative poetry. “Harrison Bergeron” “There Will Come Soft Rains” Idiomatic expression – an expression that is characteristic of a language, region, community, or class of people. These expressions mean something more than or different from the meaning of the words making them up. Informational text – include the following types of writing expository texts – those which present facts to increase the knowledge and understanding of an audience persuasive texts – those written to influence the opinions or actions of an audience (editorials, speeches, debates, reviews procedural texts – these explain a process (instructions, recipes, and manuals).

Literary Elements Character – a person or an animal who takes part in the action of a literary work. protagonist – main character antagonist – character or force in conflict with a main character or protagonist round character – shows many different traits – faults as well as virtues. flat character – shows only one trait dynamic character – develops and grows during course of story static character – does not change Conflict – struggle between opposing forces. external conflict – main character struggles against an outside force (man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. society) internal conflict – a character in conflict with himself or herself (man vs. self) Dialogue – a conversation between characters that may reveal their traits and advance the action of a story. Quotation marks indicate a speaker’s exact words, and a new paragraph usually indicates a change in speakers.

Literary Elements in “Harrison Bergeron” You will work with your partner to create visual representations of certain literary elements in the story. Use your yellow English II Handbook. Visually show/label/explain the 6 stages of plot Visually show/label/explain the conflict (be sure to show the protagonist and antagonist as well as identify the TYPE of conflict. Visually show/label/explain the THEME of the story. (You may have to really talk about this to come up with a good theme and a way to present it.)

BE CREATIVE!!

Literary Elements Nonfiction- True piece of text Literary nonfiction – combine personal examples and ideas with factual information personal essays – convey the writer’s thoughts and feelings about experience or idea biographies – tell the story of someone’s life from another writer’s perspective Nonfiction- True piece of text “Inside Home of the Future” Perspective – the author’s point of view on the subject, including the opinions that the author expresses and the source of the author’s information – whether general research, for example, or personal experience. Plot – the sequence of events in a literary work. exposition – beginning of story that introduces the setting, characters, and basic situation inciting incident – part of the story that introduces the central conflict rising action – events that lead up to the climax climax – the high point of a story, novel, or play falling action - events that follow the climax denouement or resolution – conflict is resolved & general insight may be conveyed

Literary Elements Directions: Discuss examples from what we have read in class this year and what you have read in the past. Put these notes/discussion on your English II Handbook. Point of view – the writer’s choice of narrator (character who tells the story first person – character in the story tells the story third person – character outside the story tells the story omniscient or all-knowing narrator can tell what all characters think and feel a limited narrator can only reveal one character’s thoughts Purpose – the author’s reason for writing (persuade, inform, entertain, or describe). Setting – the time and place of the action of a story. This may include the historical period – past, present or future, or a specific year, season or time of day. It may include the geographical place – a region, country state, or town, as well as the social, economic, or cultural environment. Theme – a central message or insight into life reveled through a literary. The theme may be stated or implied. Tone – the writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject. The tone can often be described by a single adjective such as formal or informal, serious or playful, bitter or ironic.

Directions: Discuss examples from what we have read in class this year and what you have read in the past. Put these notes/discussion on your English II Handbook. Onomatopoeia---use of words that imitate sounds ex. buzz, pop, boom Imagery is descriptive language used in literature to re-create sensory experience (appeals to the senses). Sensory details create images in the reader’s mind. Enriches with more vivid writing, setting tone, suggesting emotions, & guiding reader’s reactions. Figurative language conveys meanings beyond the literal meaning of words. simile--- comparison of unlike things using like or as. metaphor--- comparison of unlike things, not using like or as . personification--- giving human traits to nonhuman things. hyperbole--- exaggeration to make a point. allusion--- referring to something or someone of importance or significance that the writer thinks the reader will know, therefore have a greater understanding irony--- conveys opposite to what is felt, expected, or what a character knows. symbol--- a person, place, object, or activity that stands for something beyond itself.

Academic Vocabulary Author’s purpose--- writer writes for one or more reasons: to express thoughts and feelings, to inform or explain (expository writing), to persuade (persuasive writing), to entertain, to describe, to tell a story Author’s message--- main idea or theme of a particular work Author’s perspective--- the way a writer views a topic; based on his feelings, ideas, beliefs about it Tone reveals a writer’s perspective. Compare and contrast --- to identify similarities and differences in two or more subjects Inference--- logical assumption based on evidence/given details or one’s experience Controlling idea--- the central or most important idea about a topic that the speaker or writer conveys; may be main idea of the entire work or main idea of a part of the work