Text Structure ( Text Organization)

Descriptive Listing Chronological/ Sequential Cause/Effect Six Types of Expository Text Organizational Patterns/ Internal Structures Descriptive Listing Chronological/ Sequential Cause/Effect Comparison/Contrast Problem/Solution

Descriptive Presents a specific topic and addresses its attributes No specific signal words Ask yourself, is the author trying to tell the reader what something is?

Listing States main topic in the topic sentence and has a list of examples for support. Signal words: first, second, third, next, last, finally Is the author trying to give a specific list of things that are related to the topic and tell about each?

Chronological Order (Time Order, Sequential Order) Tells “what happened when” Used in fiction, history, biography, autobiography, and news stories Key Words During Eventually First/Last Later Meanwhile May include “flashbacks” to tell about past events, or “flash-forwards” to show the results of present events in the future

Cause and Effect (one event or condition leads to another) A cause is an event that makes another event occur An effect is the result Used in persuasive speeches and essays shows how one thing leads to another (example: Because of the drought, the risk of a forest fire is very high.) Key Words As a result So Thus For this reason Consequently

Comparison and Contrast (draws attention to similarities and differences) Used for explaining, defining, and directing A comparison shows how things are alike A contrast shows how things are different Example: a writer could explain Mars by comparing and contrasting it to Earth Key Words Compare Contrast Also ● Instead Either ... Or ● Nevertheless By comparison ●On the contrary The same as ● Unlike

Problem/Solution States a problem in topic sentence; supporting details describe the problem, its causes, and solutions Signal words or phrases: a problem is, a solution is, the problem is solved by Is the author trying to state a problem and offer some solutions?

Let’s Practice As we read through the selection below, help me to determine the Text Structure being used. In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities.

What do you think? If you said CAUSE & EFFECT, you are correct! In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities.

practice Now you will practice identifying text structures independently. For each question you will need to identify the type of text structure AND place the information from the passage into the correct graphic organizer. Question 1 has been completed for you. You may complete this practice independently or with a partner

Wrap up Now let’s check our answers! Passage 1 – Compare and Contrast Passage 2 – Chronological Order Passage 3 – Chronological Order Passage 4 – Problem and Solution Passage 5 – Cause and Effect Passage 6 - Sequence