Cellular Energy

What is energy? What type of energy does our body use?

Energy Can change forms: Ability to do work Cannot be created or destroyed Can change forms: -Light energy can become chemical energy (carbs) -The process is called photosynthesis!!

It’s ALL about BONDS!!! Compounds are held together by chemical bonds. Energy is stored in those chemical bonds.

It’s ALL about BONDS!!! When you break a chemical bond energy is released.

Energy Storing Compounds ATP NADPH Glucose

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Cells store energy in the bonds of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Cell Energy: Cells store energy in the bonds of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ATP is made up of: Adenine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphate groups

ADP ADP (adenosine diphosphate) looks just like ATP, except it only has two phosphates

ADP Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups

When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

To release energy, the cell breaks off a phosphate… This energy is used to power cellular activities

And our cells can do this over and over again! And makes ADP! Energy And our cells can do this over and over again!

Uses of ATP ATP supplies energy for things like active transport, protein synthesis, and muscle contraction!

ATP Cells only keep a small amount of ATP on hand. ATP is good for transferring energy but not good for storing energy long term ATP Formation Quick REVIEW

NADPH Found in plants (during photosynthesis) NADPH NADP H+

Glucose 90 times energy in ATP Energy between bonds Cells cannot use glucose for energy ~it must first be converted to ATP Break bonds ~ energy released Make bonds ~ energy absorbed

Energy can be defined as ____. A. Formation of power B. Chemical reactions C. Ability to do work D. Creation of heat

What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken? A) phosphate B) sulfur C) oxygen D) potassium