European Exploration GRQ Complete Answers for Notes

Questions 1 and 2 2. What were the results of the Spanish Reconquista for Muslims and Jews? 1. Why were Spain and Portugal able to take the lead in the pursuit of new sea routes to Asia? Had the technology, resources, and political unity to support sea travel Developed caravels Many were killed and 150,000 forced into exile – meaning they had to flee elsewhere

3. What had disrupted Western Europe’s trade routes with Asia? Ottoman Empire controlled Eastern Mediterranean and blocked the land routes

4. Why did spice become so expensive in Europe? Goods had to change hands many times, making them more expensive

5. How does the printing press impact Literacy rates went up. People began to read more. As they read more they were exposed to new ideas and knowledge such as world geography.

6. What advance in military technology helped the Portuguese win control of the Indian Ocean trade routes? They mounted their cannons on ships Developed caravels Gunpowder had first been brought by the Arab traders in the 1200’s (Marco Polo)

Bigger ships to carry more cargo – supplies and trade 7. What types of ships do you think Prince Henry made to do longer sea voyages? Bigger ships to carry more cargo – supplies and trade Faster ships Ships that could sail against the wind to keep progress constant

8. Identify the following explorers: Prince Henry the Navigator Bartholomeu Dias Vasco da Gama Columbus Ferdinand Magellan

Prince Henry the Navigator

Routes of Dias:

Vasco da Gama’s route

Voyages of Columbus:

The Line of Demarcation and Treaty of Tordesillas 9. What was the Line of Demarcation and why did Pope Alexander VI establish it? The Line of Demarcation and Treaty of Tordesillas Divided the non-European world into 2 zones – East and West – between Spain and Portugal Pope wanted to avoid war over the new land

10. What do you notice about the places controlled by Europeans 10. What do you notice about the places controlled by Europeans? Why no dots in the middle of continents? All the dots are along the coasts Only port cities were initially important Used their powerful navies to force trade treaties on port cities Not enough power to conquer the interiors of the continents; no armies to take the interior

11. Who established Cape Town and what were the farmers there called? Dutch established it Farmers were called Boers Led to the enslavement of the first Africans

12. How did the Portuguese treat the Asian people where they developed colonies? Explain. Poorly – they destroyed Hindu temples, massacred Muslims, and sank ships

13. What was the strategic importance of the Spanish control of the Philippines beginning in 1521? Gave Spain a base from which to trade with China and spread Catholic teachings to East Asia

Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro 14. ________ was the conqistador that defeated the Aztecs, while ___________ defeated the Inca. Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro

Hernan Cortes:

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish Empire in the Americas:

armor, horses, and powerful weapons that the natives had never seen 15. Briefly describe how each of the following contributed to the Spanish success in the Americas. armor, horses, and powerful weapons that the natives had never seen Formed alliances with natives who hated being ruled by Aztecs or Incas Smallpox and other diseases killed millions

16. The French set up their colonies mainly in ______ while the first permanent English colony was _______. Canada Jamestown

Seeking religious freedom 17. What were the three reasons that large numbers of English settlers came to the new colonies? For profit To own land Seeking religious freedom

18. The English gained control over much of North America after defeating the French in what war? French and Indian War

19. Why were Africans brought to the new world? Explain There was a labor shortage and people were needed to work the plantations Native Americans did not make good laborers. Many were worked to death. Many killed themselves and their children to avoid the harsh conditions imposed on them. Millions of Native Americas were killed from diseases brought be Europeans

20. Why weren’t slaves shipped to Europe? Europe had lots of manufacturing and not large plantation style farming that required extra laborers Europe processed the raw good that were produced in the colonies by slaves Manufacturing is a “wage paying” job, and Europeans would not have been accepting of slaves taking their jobs.

21. Spanish Social Class Peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – born in colonies/ Spanish decent Mestizos – Native American/ European Mixed Mulattoes – African/ European Mixed Native Americans and African Descent

22. Columbian Exchange Wheat Sugar Corn Bananas Rice Grape Horse Pig Cow Sheep Goats Chicken Smallpox Measles Corn Potatoes/Sweet Potatoes Beans Peanuts Chili Peppers Tomatoes Pineapples Cocoa Tobacco Pumpkins Squash

Rally! With your Shoulder Partner – come up with ONE word that you think describes or represents this lesson (something learned, something of interest, something descriptive, etc.) – ONE word to describe the lesson on European Exploration Then, with the nearest next Pair – combine your word with their to create a dynamic duo! One of the four will write this on the Smartboard!