619 Final Review Fall 2017 Professor Ammann

Agenda Review Topics Covered Highlight Key Technical Concepts Identify Areas for Study on Final Final May Test Several Concepts in a Given Question Goal: Strong Showing on Final

Procedural Abstractions (Liskov 1-3) Specifications Preconditions (Requires Clause) Postconditions (Effects Clause) Modifies Clause You Can Read and Write Such Specifications Issues: Minimality Underdetermined Behavior Deterministic Implementations Generality

Exceptions (Liskov 4, Bloch 9) Rationale for Exceptions Total vs. Partial Specifications Replacing Preconditions with Defined Behavior Role of “FailureException” Specifications Include Exception Returns Checked vs. Unchecked Exceptions Bloch’s List of Standard Exceptions Masking vs. Reflection

Data Abstraction (Liskov 5) Fundamental Topic Expect Significant Exam Coverage Specifications for: Overview (Typical “Object”) Abstraction Function (toString()) Representation Invariant (repOk()) Methods You Can Expect to Write/Modify Some or All of These Understanding, not Formality, is the Focus

More Data Abstraction (Liskov 5) IntSet and Poly Examples Mutability Reasoning about Data Abstractions Role of Abstraction Function Value of Abstraction Function in Specific Examples Role of Representation Invariant Value of Representation Invariant in Specific Examples How to Argue a that Method Meets its Contract Other Issues Exposing the Rep Adequacy

Mutability Key topic Should be comfortable converting between mutable and immutable types Achieving mutability, using guidance from both Liskov and Bloch Transforming mutators to producers Limiting subtyping Limiting changes to instance variables

Iteration Abstraction (Liskov 6) Specifying Iterators Preconditions and Postconditions Constraints on Modifications While Generator is in Use Implementing Iterators in Java Abstraction Functions for Iterators Value of Abstraction Function in Specific Examples Abstraction Function For Extensions Allowing a prev() as well as a next() method Allowing a remove() method

Type Hierarchy (Liskov 7) Fundamental Topic Substitution Principle Uses of Type Hierarchy Extending Behavior vs. Multiple Implementations Mechanisms Extensions, Abstract Classes, Interfaces Understanding Overriding vs. Overloading Dynamic Dispatching Apparent Type vs. Actual Type

Type Hierarchy (Liskov 7) Reasoning About Subtypes Signature Rule Rules for Exceptions Methods Rule Preconditions/Postconditions More Rules for Exceptions Properties Rule

Polymorphic Abstraction (Liskov 8) Element Subtype vs. Related Subtype Comparable vs Comparator Addable vs. Adder Be Prepared to Analyze, Complete, and/or Analyze an Implementation

Methods Common to All Objects (Bloch 3) equals() Transitivity, Symmetry, Substitution for Subtypes hashcode() Consistency with equals() toString() clone() Why is Liskov’s clone() (page 97) wrong? Comparable

Classes and Interfaces (Bloch 4) Immutability Why it is Preferable How to Achieve Composition vs. Inheritance Why is Composition Preferable? Understand Bloch’s InstrumentedSet example Potential Problems for Inheritance Mechanisms to Prohibit Inheritance

Generics (Bloch 5) Replacing raw types with generics Eliminating unchecked warnings Generic interactions with Lists vs. Arrays Covariant Arrays vs. Invariant Generics Generifying types and methods Bounded wildcards Relaxing the invariance of generics

Enums, Annotations (Bloch 6) Problems with C-Style Enums Enums, EnumSet, EnumMap Simple Annotations @Test, @SuppressWarnings, @Override…

Specification Checking Temporal Logic for Specification Computational Tree Logic (CTL) Kansas State University material Links on course schedule Huth and Ryan is also a excellent source

JUnit and JavaDoc JUnit tests for a given JavaDoc description JavaDoc and JUnit for exceptions Contract model and Junit JUnit theories (typed) parameters in test methods Data sources (JUnit) preconditions: assumeTrue(…) postconditions: assertTrue(…) Can you count?

Wrap Up Final Exam Tuesday, December 19 Questions? Closed Book/Closed Notes But One (1) 8.5x11 sheet of paper, handwritten Tuesday, December 19 4:30 PM 2 hours Questions?