Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Yanai Ben-Gal, MD, Mathew Williams, MD Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 41-61 (March 2011) DOI: 10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004 Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Hybrid OR setup for TA-AVI. TEE = transesophageal echocardiograph. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 Patient positioning. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 3 Patient draping and positioning. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 4 (A, B) Fluoroscopic estimation of cardiac apex location. (C) Aortic “root shot” for appropriate deployment view. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 5 Left anterior thoracotomy. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 6 Soft tissue retractor and pericardial traction stitches. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 7 It is possible to add a small rigid retractor. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 8 Purse-string position on cardiac apex. LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 9 Deep needle bites required. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 10 (A) Purse-string configuration on cardiac apex. (B) Ascendra balloon valvuloplasty catheter. (C) Ascendra valve deployment catheter. (Color version of figure is available online at http://www.optechtcs.com.) Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 11 Correct valve orientation for TA-AVI. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 12 Needle and wire introduction. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 13 Wire advancement. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 14 Introducer sheath advancement. (Color version of figure is available online at http://www.optechtcs.com.) Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 15 Valvuloplasty balloon positioning. (A) White arrow demarcates calcified aortic valve. (B) Valvuloplasty. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 16 Hemodynamic tracing during valvuloplasty and also during valve deployment. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 17 Valve loader. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 18 Loading the valve into introducer sheath. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 19 Valve positioning. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 20 Fine positioning (after pusher rod retrieved into introducer). Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 21 Valve deployment in stages. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Figure 22 Final aortography. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 16, 41-61DOI: (10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.12.004) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions