DRILL What would be the new point formed when you reflect the point (-3, 5) over the origin? If you translate the point (-1, -4) using the vector , what would be the new point? If the coordinates of A are (4, -2) and the coordinates of are (-2, 3) what vector was used to get the new point?

3.4 Compositions of Reflections

Vocabulary Glide Reflection: a glide reflection is simply when you translate a figure as well as reflect it over a line.

3.5 Symmetry Objective: Today, we will identify types of symmetry in figures.

Reflectional Symmetry/Line Symmetry A figure has reflectional symmetry if and only if a line coincides with the original figure. The line is called the axis of symmetry.

Reflectional Line of Symmetry A figure has reflectional symmetry if and only if there exists a line that “cuts” the figure into two congruent parts, that fall on top of each other when folded over the line of symmetry.

Rotational Symmetry A figure has rotational symmetry of “n” degrees if you can rotate the figure “n” degrees and get the exact same image. N must be between 0 and 360.

Point Symmetry A figure has point symmetry when a rotation of 180 degrees maps the figure onto itself. (It looks exactly the same upside down)

Examples Name all the types of symmetry each figure has: (if rotational state how many degrees) Rotational Symmetry (180) Or Point Symmetry Reflectional Symmetry (1) Reflectional Symmetry (8) Rotational Symmetry (45)

Alphabet Language Horizontal Line Vertical Line Rotational Symmetry ENGLISH (Uppercase) GREEK

Greek Alphabet

ENGLISH GREEK Language Horizontal Line Vertical Line Rotational Symmetry ENGLISH GREEK

DRILL A quadrilateral ABCD has vertices A = (-7,4) B = (0, 3) C = (5, 1), and D = (-2, 2). It is translated by the vector . Graph ABCD and its translation image A’B’C’D’ on the coordinate plane.

3.7 Dilations

Definitions Scale Factor: The scale factor is the number we multiply the sides or coordinates of a figure by to get the new coordinates or sides. Enlargement: When you multiply by a number whose absolute value is greater then 1. (Gets Bigger) Reduction: When you multiply by a number whose absolute value is less than 1. (Gets Smaller)

Identifying Dilations The dilation is a reduction if 0 < k < 1 and it is an enlargement if k > 1. P P´ 6 5 P´ P 3 2 Q´ Q • • R C C R´ Q R´ Q´ R Reduction: k = = = 3 6 1 2 CP CP Enlargement: k = = 5 2 CP CP Because PQR ~ P´Q´R´, is equal to the scale factor of the dilation. P´Q´ PQ

Identifying Dilations Identify the dilation and find its scale factor. • C P P´ 2 3 SOLUTION Because = , the scale factor is k = . 2 3 CP CP This is a reduction.

Identifying Dilations Identify the dilation and find its scale factor. • C P P´ 2 3 • P P´ C 1 2 SOLUTION SOLUTION Because = , the scale factor is k = . 2 3 CP CP Because = , the scale factor is k = 2. 2 1 CP CP This is a reduction. This is an enlargement.

Dilation in a Coordinate Plane In a coordinate plane, dilations whose centers are the origin have the property that the image of P(x, y) is P´(kx, ky). Draw a dilation of rectangle ABCD with A(2, 2), B(6, 2), C(6, 4), and D(2, 4). Use the origin as the center and use a scale factor of . How does the perimeter of the preimage compare to the perimeter of the image? 1 2 SOLUTION y Because the center of the dilation is the origin, you can find the image of each vertex by multiplying its coordinates by the scale factor. D C A(2, 2)  A´(1, 1) D´ A C´ B A´ B(6, 2)  B´(3, 1) 1 B´ • C(6, 4)  C ´(3, 2) O 1 x D(2, 4)  D´(1, 2)

Dilation in a Coordinate Plane In a coordinate plane, dilations whose centers are the origin have the property that the image of P(x, y) is P´(kx, ky). Draw a dilation of rectangle ABCD with A(2, 2), B(6, 2), C(6, 4), and D(2, 4). Use the origin as the center and use a scale factor of . How does the perimeter of the preimage compare to the perimeter of the image? 1 2 SOLUTION y From the graph, you can see that the preimage has a perimeter of 12 and the image has a perimeter of 6. D C D´ A C´ B A preimage and its image after a dilation are similar figures. A´ 1 B´ • Therefore, the ratio of the perimeters of a preimage and its image is equal to the scale factor of the dilation. O 1 x

Using Dilations in Real Life Shadow puppets have been used in many countries for hundreds of years. A flat figure is held between a light and a screen. The audience on the other side of the screen sees the puppet’s shadow. The shadow is a dilation, or enlargement, of the shadow puppet. When looking at a cross sectional view, LCP ~ LSH. The shadow puppet shown is 12 inches tall (CP in the diagram). Find the height of the shadow, SH, for each distance from the screen. In each case, by what percent is the shadow larger than the puppet? LC = LP = 59 in.; LS = LH = 74 in. SOLUTION 59 74 12 SH = LC LS CP SH = 59 (SH) = 888 SH  15 inches

Using Dilations in Real Life Shadow puppets have been used in many countries for hundreds of years. A flat figure is held between a light and a screen. The audience on the other side of the screen sees the puppet’s shadow. The shadow is a dilation, or enlargement, of the shadow puppet. When looking at a cross sectional view, LCP ~ LSH. LC = LP = 59 in.; LS = LH = 74 in.; SH  15 inches SOLUTION To find the percent of size increase, use the scale factor of the dilation. scale factor = SH CP = 1.25 15 12 So, the shadow is 25 % larger than the puppet.

Using Dilations in Real Life Shadow puppets have been used in many countries for hundreds of years. A flat figure is held between a light and a screen. The audience on the other side of the screen sees the puppet’s shadow. The shadow is a dilation, or enlargement, of the shadow puppet. When looking at a cross sectional view, LCP ~ LSH. LC = LP = 66 in.; LS = LH = 74 in. SOLUTION 66 74 12 SH = LC LS CP SH = 66 (SH) = 888 SH  13.45 inches

Using Dilations in Real Life Shadow puppets have been used in many countries for hundreds of years. A flat figure is held between a light and a screen. The audience on the other side of the screen sees the puppet’s shadow. The shadow is a dilation, or enlargement, of the shadow puppet. When looking at a cross sectional view, LCP ~ LSH. LC = LP = 66 in.; LS = LH = 74 in.; SH  13.45 inches SOLUTION To find the percent of size increase, use the scale factor of the dilation. scale factor = SH CP = 1.12 13.45 12 So, the shadow is 12 % larger than the puppet.

Example of a dilation The dilation is a reduction if 0<k<1 and it is an enlargement if k > 1 5 2 1 2

Example 1 Identify the dilation and find its scale factor C

Example 1 Identify the dilation and find its scale factor C Reduction, Because The scale factor is k = ⅔ Enlargement, Because The scale factor is k = 2

Example 2 Dilation in a Coordinate Plane Draw a dilation of a rectangle ABCD with vertices A(1,1), B(3,1), C(3,2) and D(1,2). Use the origin as the center and use a scale factor of 2. How does the perimeter of the preimage compare to the perimeter of the image?