Joint position sense in elderly fallers: A preliminary investigation of the validity and reliability of the SENSERite measure  Sung H. You, PT, PhD  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Volume 86, Issue 2, Pages 346-352 (February 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.035

Fig 1 Experimental setup for the SENSERite system. Participant positioning for active reproduction of joint position as a measure of PAT in stance. (A) Subtalar JPS test. The longitudinal axis of the potentiometer was aligned vertically with the midline of the superior aspect of the calcaneous, which marks the axis of IV and EV.28 (B) [Inset], Talocrural JPS test. The longitudinal axis of the potentiometer was aligned with the lateral malleolus28 by repositioning the subject’s ankle. Hip and knee joints were fully extended and trunk was upright. Ankle angular displacement was determined by the relation between the surface of the footplate (contact with the plantar surface of the foot) and the horizontal plane recorded electromechanically from the potentiometer12,18,20 built-in the SENSERite system. Arrows indicate position of potentiometer, traction tread, and handrail, respectively. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 346-352DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.035)

Fig 2 The linearity in joint angular position measure between the SENSERite system and goniometer methods. The SENSERite system showed excellent concurrent validity in measuring angular position (ICC2,k=1.0), indicating that this system can be used to measure a PAT. The concurrent validity was determined by comparing the system’s performance measure with a criterion measure as established by goniometric measurement that was concurrently examined. Joint angular positions from both measurements are absolute values. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 346-352DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.035)

Fig 3 Comparison of PAT among the groups (N=46). ∗Significant difference compared with group 1 and 2 (P<.05); †significant difference compared with group 1 and 3 (P<.05). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 346-352DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.035)