The Periodic Table

Make a solid black line representing the division between metals and nonmetals Metals Nonmetals Slide #1

Metals OUTLINE the metals in dark blue. Properties: increase in reactivity OUTLINE the metals in dark blue. Properties: Fr Increase in reactivity Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable - can be hammered into thin sheets Ductile - can be drawn into wires Shiny (Luster) High melting and boiling points High density Mostly solids at room temperature Tend to lose electrons and are highly reactive Refer to page 177 to learn more! Slide #2

Nonmetals OUTLINE the nonmetals in red. Properties: F OUTLINE the nonmetals in red. Reactivity Properties: Poor conductors of heat and electricity Low melting and boiling points Generally gasses, but are brittle and dull if solid Tend to gain electrons Oxygen is the most abundant element in the body making up 65% of the body mass Halogens are highly reactive while Noble gasses are INERT Refer to page 180 to learn more! Slide #3

Metalloids OUTLINE the metalloids in dark green. Properties: Have properties of metals and nonmetals Can be shiny or dull Conduct heat and electricity, but not as well as metals Si and Ge are used in computer chips and solar cells Si is also used to make prosthetics Refer to page 181 to learn more! Slide #4

SHADE this family light green. Alkali Metals SHADE this family light green. Properties Highly Reactive 1 electron on outer energy level Make salts- NaCl and KCl Lithium – found in batteries Does NOT include Hydrogen Refer to page 906-909 to learn more! Slide #5

Alkaline Earth Metals Properties SHADE this family brown. Not found free in nature 2 electron on outer energy level Are found in gemstones Magnesium burns brightly and many are used in fireworks Because magnesium is solid and light weight it is used to make cars, planes, baseball bats, and electronic devices Calcium (in the form of calcium carbonate) in bones makes them strong. Refer to page 910-915 to learn more! Slide #6

Boron Family Properties DRAW an orange star for this family Each element has 3 valence electrons All are solids are room temperature Most in this group are soft and silvery-white with the exception of Boron which is pure black and extremely hard. Elements in this group are used in laundry detergent, CDs/DVDs, Flat screen TVs, and heart scans. Refer to page 922-925 to learn more! Slide #7

Carbon Family Properties DRAW a grey diamond for this family This group contains nonmetals, metalloids, and metals. All are solids at room temperature. Each element has 4 valence electrons Elements in this group are used in golf clubs, computer chips, glass, sand, batteries, and night vision technology. Refer to page 928-931 to learn more! Slide #8

Nitrogen Family Properties DRAW a light blue cloud for this family Nitrogen is a colorless odorless gas while the others in the group are solids Arsenic will sublimate when heated These elements have 5 valence electrons Elements in this family are found in matches, flame retardants, medicine for stomach pains, and in bacteria. Refer to page 932-935 to learn more! Slide #9

Oxygen Family Properties DRAW a purple circle for this family Oxygen is a colorless odorless gas while the others in the group are solids Polonium has 27 known isotopes- all are radioactive Elements in this group play a vital role in photosynthesis, and are used in making photocopies. Refer to page 936-939 to learn more! Slide #10

Halogens Properties Chlorine is the most abundant SHADE this family yellow. Properties Chlorine is the most abundant 7 electron on outer energy level Used in bleaches and to disinfect water Bromine is used as dyes in cosmetics Fluorine is commonly added to toothpaste and drinking water to prevent tooth decay Refer to page 940-943 to learn more! Slide #11

Refer to page 944-945 to learn more! Noble Gases SHADE this family pink. Properties Noble gases normally don’t bond with other compounds because they are stable or full Inert = Unreactive Have 2 (He) or 8 electrons on the outer energy level Used to make lightbulbs, neon lights, and lasers Refer to page 944-945 to learn more! Slide #12

DRAW a red heart for this element Hydrogen DRAW a red heart for this element Properties Hydrogen gas has the lowest density of any gas At very high pressures, such as the interior of a planet, hydrogen may exist as a solid metal Hydrogen has three common isotopes: Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium- which is radioactive. It is used in pH testing and makes up 90% of the atom in the universe Refer to page 904 to learn more! Slide #13

Transition Metals Properties Groups 3 through 12 DRAW purple diagonal lines for this family Properties Groups 3 through 12 Iron, copper, and silver are examples 1, 2, or 3 electrons on their outer level Less active than Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Many gemstones contain transition metals Form brightly colored compounds Refer to page 916-921 to learn more! Slide #14

Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series DRAW light blue diagonal lines for this series Actinide Series DRAW orange diagonal lines for this series All elements above # 83 are radioactive. All elements above # 92 are synthetic (man-made) Slide #15

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Periods run down the side and form rows called “periods” The period number tells you how many energy levels the atom has. 1 2 3 4 This is period number 3 which means it has 3 energy levels 5 6 7 Slide #17

Families have similar but not identical characteristics The numbers on top are called Group Numbers because the columns are called “groups” or “families” The group number tells the number of valence electrons This is group 13. It has 3 valence electrons. 1 18 Can have 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Families have similar but not identical characteristics Slide #18

Representative Elements Another way we can group elements on the periodic table Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements Slide #19