War in the Pacific Chapter 25(3).

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Presentation transcript:

War in the Pacific Chapter 25(3)

The Battle of Midway (June, 1942) -Turning point in the Pacific. -Americans turn back a Japanese invasion force headed for Hawaii. -America goes on the offensive. -Beginning of US “Island Hopping”.

Guadalcanal (August, 1942) -Japan’s first defeat on land.

Leyte Island (Philippines) (October, 1944) -Japan introduces new tactic, kamikaze, or suicide plane. -Battle lasted only 3 days -Last time Japanese navy will play a major role in the defense of Japan -424 kamikaze pilots *destroy 16 ships *damage 80 -Japan lost *3 battleships *4 aircraft carriers *13 cruisers *500 planes

Iwo Jima (February, 1945) “an ugly, smelly glob of cold lava squatting in a surly ocean.” Author-William Manchester -Thought to be the most heavily defended spot on earth -Critical to the U.S. as a base from which heavily loaded bombers might reach Japan. -20,000 Japanese troops entrenched in tunnels and caves/only 200 survived -70,000 marines converged on the tiny island/6,000 died

Okinawa (April, 1945) -Last land battle before the island of Japan. -Even fiercer opposition than Iwo Jima -Japanese: 110,000 died/Americans: 7,600 die

July 1945, Los Alamos, NM The Manhattan Project (building of the atomic bomb) -American Scientist-J. Robert Oppenheimer. -600,000 Americans were involved in the project

Personal Voice -J. Robert Oppenheimer(Describing the first bomb test in New Mexico.) “A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent.”

August 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki -Aug. 6th- Atomic bomb “Little Boy” over Hiroshima -Aug. 9th- Atomic bomb “Fat Man” over Nagasaki -200,000 die

Tokyo Bay -Japan formally surrenders to General Douglas MacArthur. -Surrender ceremonies take place aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri.

Back in Europe: Feb 1945, in Yalta… Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin made important decisions about the postwar world.

Nuremberg, Germany 1945-1949 -The Nuremberg Trials: Nazi leaders are tried for “crimes against humanity.” -Established the principle that individuals are responsible for their own actions even in times of war.

How did MacArthur reshape Japan’s economy and government? -free-market practices -New Constitution *Woman’s suffrage (vote) *Free Elections/democratic government *basic freedoms