Given a DNA strand ACTTCA, what is the mRNA strand? What did the castle represent in the King DNA skit? Where does translation occur?

1. mRNA codon sequence is AUUCCA. What is the tRNA anticodons? 2. Looking at the genetic code chart, what 2 amino acids are made? 3. What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

Mutations 12-4

Mutations Mutation: a change in DNA sequence that affects the genetic information. Gene mutations: changes in a single gene-causes point or frame shift mutations Chromosomal mutations: changes in part or a whole chromosome

Gene Mutations Point mutations: affect only one nucleotide CATCATCAT 1. Substitutions CATCATCAT CATCTTCAT Ex.-Sickle cell anemia

Gene Mutations Frame shift mutations: change in one nucleotide affects all following nucleotides 2. Insertion CATTAGCAT CATTAGGCAT 3. Deletion Ex.- CF CATTGCAT

Turtle boy http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2687665/

Chromosomal Mutations Change in the number or structure of chromosomes. 1. Deletion: loss of all or part of a chromosome Ex.-Cri-du-chat & Turner’s syndrome 2. Duplication: segment of chromosome is repeated 3. Inversion: segments are reversed

Chromosomal Mutations 4. Translocation: part breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome 5. Insertion: gain part of or a whole extra chromosome. Ex.-Down syndrome

Cause and Effect Some inversions cause miscarriages. Several types of cancer are caused by translocations (leukemia). Mutagens are substances that cause mutations. Ex- X rays, certain chemicals, radiation