Therapeutic Effect of Topical Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Refractory Uremic Pruritus  Yung-Chih Chen, MD, Wan-Ting Chiu, MD, Mai-Szu Wu, MD  American Journal of Kidney Diseases  Volume 48, Issue 1, Pages 69-76 (July 2006) DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.082 Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Trial design: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Abbreviations: GLA, GLA-containing cream; Pb, placebo cream; S, scoring. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006 48, 69-76DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.082) Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Trend in antipruritic effects. Median scores (horizontal lines) in both pruritus assessment methods obtained during each treatment period of the study shown in order of time. Abbreviations: GLA, GLA-containing cream; pb, placebo cream. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006 48, 69-76DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.082) Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Paired comparison of the treatment effect of either GLA cream (GLA) or placebo cream (pb). Median values shown as horizontal lines. There was a significant decrease in VAS and PS scores after GLA treatment. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006 48, 69-76DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.082) Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Head-to-head comparison of changes in ratios of either VAS or PS on GLA-containing cream (GLA) versus placebo cream (pb) in treatment periods 1 and 2. Mean values shown as horizontal lines. There was a significant improvement in uremic pruritus by means of both pruritus evaluations. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006 48, 69-76DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.082) Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions