West Valley High School General Chemistry Mr. Mata

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West Valley High School General Chemistry Mr. Mata Biochemistry Chapter 23 West Valley High School General Chemistry Mr. Mata

Proteins Amino acids - monomer units in proteins. amino acids contain a carboxyl group and an amino group: Carboxyl group Amino group

Peptides peptide bond - link between amino acids. dipeptide - two amino acids joined by a peptide bond. tripeptide - three amino acids joined together. polypeptide - ten or more amino acids. protein – polypeptide with 10,000+ amino acids.

Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids - information and control centers of the cell. There are two types of nucleic acids. 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Nucleic acids are polymers composed of nucleotides.

Nucleotides Nucleotides are composed of three parts: 1. base (nitrogen A, T, C, G) 2. sugar (deoxyribose (DNA) or ribose (RNA)) 3. phosphate group (PO4) base sugar Phosphate

Bases Purine Bases Adenine (A) (both RNA and DNA) Guanine (G) (both RNA and DNA) Pyrimidine Bases Cytosine ( C) (both RNA and DNA) Thymine (T) (DNA only) Uracil (U) (RNA only)

DNA Structure Information stored in DNA and RNA is contained in the sequence of bases. James Watson & Francis Crick determined the structure of DNA (1953 Nobel Prize). two strands of nucleic acid polymer arranged in space as a double helix.

Structure of DNA Double Helix Insert figure 20.18

Base Pairing Bases on two strands are bound to each other by hydrogen bonding. Adenine bonds to Thymine. (A-T) Guanine bonds to Cytosine. (G-C) Creates two complementary strands. If one strand has a sequence AATCGTACG The other strand will be TTAGCATGC

Protein Synthesis The information in a piece of DNA determines the structure of the protein. Sequence is called a gene. Transcription - information in DNA transferred to the messenger RNA (mRNA) through base pairing.

Monomers & Polymers Monomers – single units in a compound. Polymer – many monomers linked together. Monomer Polymer Saccharides carbohydrates Fatty acids lipids Amino acids proteins Nucleotides DNA & RNA

Chapter 23 SUTW Prompt Identify & describe the monomers that make up carbohydrates, proteins & lipids. Complete a 11 -14 sentence paragraph using the SUTW paragraph format. Hilight using green, yellow, and pink. Due Date: Tomorrow (start of class).