2019-01-17 Workshop on data consistency between National GHG inventories and reporting under the EU ETS EEA, Copenhagen 9-10 February 2006 Gry Benediktson, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Anna-Karin Nyström, Statistics Sweden Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Ministry of Sustainable Development 2019-01-17 Ministry of Sustainable Development Overall responsibility for the inventory Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Responsibility for performing the inventory Swedish Environmental Emissions Data SMED Performs the inventory IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute AB SMHI Swedish Metrological and Hydrological Institute SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Statistics Sweden Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Emission Trading System National Energy Statistics 2019-01-17 Emission Trading System National Energy Statistics Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Responsible for the allocation and supervision and are recieving the emission reports Swedish Energy Agency Responsible for the National Registry Swedish Energy Agency Responsible for the production of statistics Statistics Sweden Producing the statistics Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Swedish experiences with recalculations of time series 2019-01-17 Swedish experiences with recalculations of time series Based on information from the preparatory work for the Swedish National Allocation Plan in 2004 what are the differences in ETS and GHG inventory data? how great are the differences? how can time-series consistency be secured? Anna-Karin Nyström, Statistics Sweden 2019-01-17 Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

National statistics used for GHG inventories 2019-01-17 Content National statistics used for GHG inventories Preparations for the Swedish National Allocation Plan Results from the review of NAP survey data Recalculations made based on information from the NAP survey Conclusions Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

National statistics used for GHG inventories: Energy sector 2019-01-17 National statistics used for GHG inventories: Energy sector Sectoral approach: Emissions (unit)= ∑ Fuel consumption (unit) * thermal value * emission factor National statistics on fuel consumption from surveys conducted by Statistics Sweden/Energy department on plant level and by fuel type Energy industries, CRF/NFR 1A1: Data from a total postal survey Manufacturing industries, CRF/NFR 1A2: Total survey for pulp and paper industries and all other industries with more than 10 employees or higher fuel combustion than 325 toe. Sample survey for remaining plants. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Statistics used for GHG inventories: Industrial process sector 2019-01-17 Statistics used for GHG inventories: Industrial process sector CO2 emission data mainly based on: emissions and/or activity data from direct contacts with industries and organizations National fuel statistics from Statistics Sweden information from the industries’ legally required environmental reports Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Preparations for the Swedish National Allocation Plan 2019-01-17 Preparations for the Swedish National Allocation Plan Mail survey sent to about 650 plants in January 2004 About 500 responses from: 390 energy plants 60 pulp and paper plants 25 plants producing cement, glass, mineral wool etc. 20 iron and steel plants 5 refineries Data was collected for 1998-2002 on: amount of CO2 emitted fuel consumption and thermal values Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Preparations for the Swedish National Allocation Plan 2019-01-17 Preparations for the Swedish National Allocation Plan The SMED consortium was responsible for compiling and reviewing data in the surveys. The reported CO2 emissions were compared with: Emitted CO2 based on reported fuel consumption and thermal values, and national emission factors. Emitted CO2 based on reported fuel consumption and national thermal values and emission factors. GHG inventory data: Emitted CO2 based on fuel consumption reported to Statistics Sweden in annual and quarterly fuel statistics, national thermal values and emission factors. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Problems in the review of NAP survey data with GHG inventory data 2019-01-17 Problems in the review of NAP survey data with GHG inventory data Difficulties to identify plants in the GHG inventory data due to lack of identical identification numbers and due to that data are reported on company level within one municipality and not on plant level. Different definitions of Energy and Industrial process emissions. Data for GHG inventories are in some cases reported on trade level. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Results from the review of NAP survey data 2019-01-17 Results from the review of NAP survey data For the plants where comparisons could be made between NAP survey data and GHG inventory data in 2000 (100 plants), the emissions were 5% higher in NAP survey data. The differences varied between plants, and was in some cases more than 100%, due to differences in: emission factors activity data both emission factors and activity data Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

2019-01-17 Recalculations made in GHG inventory based on information from the NAP survey Findings: One Mineral products plant not earlier included in the Industrial process sector Plants with unknown use of limestone and/or dolomite Plants with unknown use of soda ash Plants with unknown flaring Incorrect allocation of emissions from Iron and Steel production Lack of activity data within Iron and Steel production Incorrect data in industrial production Incorrect emission factors for refinery gas and petroleum coke Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

1. Plant not earlier included in the Industrial process sector; Svenska LECA The production of light expanded clay aggregate gives rise to process emissions of CO2 from limestone, additives and carbon in the clay. These process emissions was not included earlier since the raw materials are not included in the national energy statistics. Data on limestone, additives, clay and CO2 emissions was collected directly from the plant for 1990-2003 and the CRF 2A7 time series was revised. The emissions were 3,000-6,000 ton CO2 in 1990-2003. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

2. Plants with unknown use of limestone and/or dolomite (CRF 2A3) (1) Limestone and dolomite use is not included in national energy statistics, but data is collected directly from plants with known use of these materials. The use of limestone and dolomite in processes was found to be more extensive than what had been known in earlier submissions. New activity data on the use of limestone and dolomite was collected directly from nine plants for 1990-2003. For a few years in the beginning of the time series, activity data had to be estimated due to lack of data. The whole time series for CRF 2A3 was revised and the emission levels rose with about 20%. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

2. Plants with unknown use of limestone and/or dolomite (CRF 2A3) (2) Results: Emissions of CO2 from the use of limestone and dolomite reported in sub. 2004 and 2005 Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

3. Plants with unknown use of soda ash (2) Use of soda is not included in national energy statistics, but data is collected directly from plants with known use. Earlier Sweden only reported emissions from the use of soda ash within glass manufacturing. In the NAP survey another 7 plants reported use of soda ash. In 2004 data was collected directly from these 7 plants and from a few other sources such as the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorates to get a complete time series for 1990-2003 on all plants using soda ash. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

3. Plants with unknown use of soda ash (2) Results: Revised time series for soda ash use in sub 2005 Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

4. Plants with unknown flaring, CRF 1B2c (1) In submission 2004, flaring was only reported for two primary iron and steel plants, CRF 1B1c. Flaring of excess gases was found to be more extensive. Unknown if emissions from flaring were included in Stationary combustion in CRF 1A or if these emissions were lacking. NAP survey data and GHG inventory data (CRF 1A) was compared  data was lacking The plants were contacted and new data collected from nine plants: four refineries, three steel producers, one chemical industry and one pulp producer. A time series 1990-2003 for CRF 1B2c was reported. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

4. Plants with unknown flaring, CRF 1B2c (2) Results: Revised time series for fugitive emissions in sub 2005 Results: Reported emissions from flaring in CRF 1B1c and new data on flaring reported in CRF 1B2c in sub 2005 1B1c, old data Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

5. Incorrect allocation of emissions from Iron and Steel production, CRF 1A2a/2C In earlier submissions the use of coal and coke within iron and steel production were collected in the national energy statistics and reported in CRF 1A2a for a number of plants. Since these raw materials are used primary as reducing agents in the production and not as fuels they should be reported as Industrial process emissions in CRF 2C. For the plants reporting use of coal and coke in the NAP survey, this use was hence excluded from the Energy sector. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

6. Lack of activity data within Iron and Steel production, CRF 2C (1) Data on coal and coke excluded from the Energy sector should be reported as Industrial process emissions, but data was partly lacking for a few plants and years. Besides coal and coke, other reducing agents are used. Coal bound in the produced material and rest products should be accounted for as well. Other raw materials than coal and coke are not included in the national energy statistics, and hence not in the inventory. The eight secondary steel plants reporting process emissions in the NAP survey was contacted and data on all carbon containing input and output materials were collected from 1990-2003. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

6. Lack of activity data within Iron and Steel production, CRF 2C (2) A few plants did not have information about reducing agents for all years or carbon bound in rest product etc. Estimations based on steel production etc. were hence made. The whole time series in CRF 2C1 was updated in Submission 2005. In submission 2006 new revisions were made in CRF 2C1 since the plants hade made more detailed CO2 calculations in the time series. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

5-6. Incorrect allocation and lack of activity data within Iron and Steel production, CRF 1A2a/2C (3) Results: Revised time series Iron and Steel sub 2005 Sub 04, 1a2a Sub 05, 1a2a Sub 05, 2C1-steel Sub 04, 2C1-steel Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

7. Incorrect data in industrial production (1) Plants with a difference in CO2 emissions of more than 10% between GHG inventory data and NAP survey data for a single year in 1998-2002 were investigated: 43 plants due to discrepancies in activity data 5 plants due to discrepancies in emission factors Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

7. Incorrect data in industrial production (2) The data were studied and most plants contacted to get explanations to the observed differences by collecting information on: How the plants had reported fuel consumption and emissions in the NAP survey Data on fuel consumption for other years than in NAP survey, where necessary. The pulp and paper sector was the most problematic sector with totally 29 plants included in the study. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

7. Incorrect data in industrial production(3) The differences were caused by: Missing data in GHG inventory Too high or low data in GHG inventory Double reporting of plants in NAP survey, due too misunderstandings on how to fill in the survey. The reasons for the discrepancies in the GHG inventory data have not been investigated. Contacts with the plants resulted in revisions of the activity data for 35 plants of 43, for a few or all years in the time series 1990-2003 in CRF 1A1a,  1A2a,  1A2c, 1A2d, 1A2e, 1A2f. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

7. Incorrect data in industrial production (6) Results: Revised time series Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

8. Incorrect emission factors for refinery gas and petroleum coke Combustion emissions and emissions from flaring in refineries (CRF 1A1b and 1B2C) decreased all years due to the recalculation. CO2 factor used in submission 2005 ton CO2/TJ CO2 factor used in submission 2006 Refinery gas 66.7 59.3 Petroleum coke 103 100 Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

7-8 . Results from revision of incorrect data in industrial production and incorrect emission factors Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Total results from presented recalculations in GHG inventory in submission 2005-2006 % difference in CO2 emissions in sub 2006 compared with sub 2004 Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

General problems and advantages from revisions by using NAP survey data Difficulties for plants to find consistent data for the whole time series. Difficulties obtaining data from 1990. Difficulties identifying plants if data from sample surveys or other level than plant level has been used. Advantages: Plants had good information since they were improving their own time series for CO2 and the way to calculate it. Helpful plants due to financial implications. Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Results from revisions of GHG inventory by using NAP survey data Better compliance with IPCC guidelines Better time series consistency Better completeness Better documentation Better contacts with industrial plants  Higher quality in GHG inventory Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17

Thank you all for listening! 2019-01-17 Thank you all for listening! Questions? Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2019-01-17