TODAY: Naming Acids HW: Naming Acid Worksheet TEST: Thursday January 24, Friday Jan 25

ACIDS compounds which produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water common acids: HCl ■ HC2H3O2 H2SO4 ■ H3PO4 HNO3 ■ H2CO3

ACIDS contain an anion (monatomic or polyatomic) with enough H+ cations to produce a neutral compound Cl– needs one H+ = HCl SO42 – needs 2 H+ = H2SO4 NO3– needs one H+ = HNO3

ACIDS acids all have hydrogen as the first element in their formulas the word acid at the end of the name

NAMING BINARY ACIDS HCl start with prefix hydro– change –ide to –ic add word acid at the end hydrochloric acid

NAMING BINARY ACIDS HBr hydrogen bromide hydro– –ide becomes –ic acid hydrobromic acid HI hydroiodic acid

NAMING POLYATOMIC ACIDS HC2H3O2 start with polyatomic name (no prefix hydro–) change –ate to –ic or –ite to –ous add word acid at the end acetic acid

NAMING POLYATOMIC ACIDS HClO2 chlorite –ite becomes –ous acid chlorous acid H3PO4 HNO3 H2SO4 phosphoric nitric sulfuric acid acid acid

LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS) show the valence electrons as dots inner electrons and atomic nuclei are represented by the symbol

LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS) group 1A: 1 valence e- group 2A: 2 valence e-, etc.

LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS) diatomic molecules

TODAY: Lewis Dot Diagrams for Molecules TEST: Thursday, January 17 know the specified polyatomics know the stock/classical names

LEWIS STRUCTURES: STEPS 1. Count valence electrons and bonds using periodic table and octet rule – make a chart to get valence and shared electrons 2. Choose an arrangement of atoms (carbon in center, hydrogen or halogens on outside)

LEWIS STRUCTURES: STEPS 3. Put in calculated number of bonds; single bonds first, then multiple bonds if necessary. 4. Where necessary to complete octets, put in non-bonding electrons in pairs.

LEWIS STRUCTURES: STEPS 5. Check work by counting electrons in Lewis structure and comparing calculated number of valence electrons.

LEWIS STRUCTURES lO H–C–H CH2O V S C 4 4 H 1 1 O 6 2 12 8 / 2 = 4 bonds lO H–C–H

LEWIS STRUCTURES NH3 V S N 5 3 H 1 1 8 6 / 2 = 3 bonds H–N–H H

LEWIS STRUCTURES O–S–O O SO32– V S S 6 2 O 6 2 24 8 +2 -2 24 8 +2 -2 26 6 / 2 = 3 bonds O–S–O O 2-

POLYATOMIC IONS FROM NOW ON: know NO CO SO PO ions (–ates and –ites) know NH4+ know –ides: cyanide, hydroxide know chlorine containing ions

TODAY: Electronegativity/Polarity REVIEW TEST: January 17, 18 and 19 not given: the specified polyatomics not given: the stock/classical names

ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND POLARITY electronegativity = ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond most electroneg. element = flourine least electroneg. element = francium Unequal sharing of electrons will produce a polar bond.

ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND POLARITY F–F H–F H2O NH3