Is It an Animal? Which of the listed are animals? Put an X next to each organism that is considered an animal ___cow _____spider ___tree _____snail ____mushroom _____flower _____human _____monkey _____mold ____worm _____beetle _____snake _____river _____whale ___shark _____frog ____starfish _____chicken Explain your thinking. Describe the “rule” or reasoning you used to decide if something is an animal

Taxonomy & Classification Let’s See YOUR NOTES

Why Classify? Work with a diversity of life Organizes organisms in a logical manner Assign a universal accepted name to each organism

Biological Classification Aristotle was one of the first people to classify living organisms According to physical characteristics Carolus Linnaeus developed a system of naming that we still use today This system is called Binomial Nomenclature (two name naming system)

Binomial Nomenclature Each organism has a two part name 1. The genus is the first name and is ALWAYS capitalized 2. The species is the second part of the name and is lower case 3. Both names are either underlined or italicized 4. Example: Human = Homo sapien Homo = the genus sapien= species

Linnaeus Grouped them according to the body structures they shared 1. The groups are called taxa 2. The smallest taxa is the species Taxonomy: the science of naming organisms

Bigger Than Kingdoms 3 Domains to classify organisms under: Archaea: includes the kingdom Archaeabacteria Bacteria: includes the kingdom Eubacteria Eukarya: includes the kingdoms protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

The system of grouping organisms is as follows: 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species Human Classification 1. Kingdom – Animalia 2. Phylum – Chordata 3. Class – Mammalia 4. Order – Primates 5. Family – Hominidia 6. Genus – Homo 7. Species - sapien

There are 6 Kingdoms! 1. Archaebacterial- ancient bacteria that live in extreme environments 2. Eubacteria- bacteria and blue-green algae 3. Protista- paramecium, amoeba, euglena, volvox and spirogyra 4. Fungi- mushrooms and yeast 5. Plantae- plants 6. Animalia- vertebrates (backbone) & invertebrates (no backbone)

Using Your Text and Your Cornell Note Sheet Complete Questions on page 503 1-4 Include with your Cornell Notes Must be Cornell Note Format (20 pts.) Domains and Kingdoms Concept Map (20 pts. Handout History of Classification (20 pts.)

Pamishan Creatures How do I read a dichotomous key? Pamishan Creatures (practice)

Viruses: The Exception Viruses are NOT living so they don’t fit into any kingdom Made of a protein coat called a capsid and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Example of a virus = bacteriophage Bacteriophages attack bacteria

More on Viruses Viruses are pathogens (disease causing) Specific viruses affect specific organisms (hosts) Ex. A plant virus can’t infect an animal unless it mutates (Avian Flu) Bird Flu

Life Cycle of a Virus In order to reproduce, viruses must invade or infect a living host cell 1. Start of infection: virus DNA enters the host cell (protein coat does not) 2. Virus enzymes destroy the hosts DNA but not it’s own. 3. Replication: virus makes copies of itself A. can occur as fast as 25 minutes depending on the virus 4. The infected cell bursts and releases hundreds of virus particles that infect other cells

Animal Symmetry Radial Symmetry- simplest animals have this No real head Many are sessile (don’t move) Body parts repeat around an imaginary line drawn through the center of the body

Bilateral Symmetry More complex animals have this Body parts repeat on either side of an imaginary line drawn down the middle of the body One side is the mirror image of the other

Animals with bilateral symmetry have front and back ends Anterior- front end Posterior- back end Dorsal- upper side Ventral- lower side

Cephalization a concentration of organs and nerve cells in their head region Most animals have this characteristic

Exit What do you know about classification? Pick 1 question and turn it into a FAT Question (Turn In) F-flip the question into a statement A-answer the question T-provide 2 to 3 details to support your answer

Homework What do you know about classification? Pick 2 question and turn it into a FAT Question (Turn In) with the answers to the additional 15 F-flip the question into a statement A-answer the question T-provide 2 to 3 details to support your answer

Classification 20 points Pamishan Creatures Practice 20 points Classification notes/summary 10 points FAT Homework 20 points