A New Nation

Washington’s Precedents Started the phrase “Mr. President” Only served 2 terms; he chose to not run for re-election a 3rd time Its recorded by many of his closest aides that he was well aware that his every move/decision would be observed for precedent by future presidents

Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress set up federal courts with 13 districts courts & 3 circuit courts State laws remained the same but federal courts could reverse their decisions John Jay named Supreme Court chief justice

Hamilton’s Plans to fix the Economy 1. new federal government should pay state and Confederation debt owed from Revolution Compromise: to build Washington D.C. in the South and paying off the debt 2. establish a national bank 3. develop manufacturing industries and use a protective tariff to encourage Americans to buy American made goods

Hamilton v. Jefferson Hamilton (Federalist) Sect. of Treasury Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) Sect. of Treasury Trying to establish the country on solid financial ground so other countries and private investors would take us seriously Most of Congress agreed with him Supported a strong central government Sect. of State Believed Hamilton was over stepping the powers granted under the Constitution (i.e. establishing a national bank) Wanted to protect states’ rights

French Revolution & Neutrality 1789 – the people of France revolt against their government; pushing for a democracy like America Some Americans wanted to actively support the revolt (Jefferson); others wanted to rebuild relationship with Britain – as the revolution spread to war with Great Britain

French Revolution & Neutrality Washington issued declaration of neutrality – the US would stay out of it (1793) Jefferson resigned from Washington’s cabinet

Jay’s Treaty British ships were seizing American merchant ships & British officers on the frontier were encouraging Indian uprisings Washington sent Hamilton and John Jay to London to work out a settlement British would pay damages American merchants allowed to trade certain items Americans would pay pre-war debts owed to British merchants

Pinckney’s Treaty US ambassador to Spain, Pinckney, asked to open New Orleans to American trade Now America could use the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans for trade without having to paying a fee