Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih Type of Wave Propagation Modes of EM Waves: Ground-Wave Propagation Sky-Wave Propagation Space (Line-of-Sight) Propagation Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih
Propagation Modes of EM Waves Three types: Ground-Wave Propagation Sky-Wave Propagation Space (Line-of-Sight) Propagation Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih
Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih Radio Frequency Bands Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih
1- Ground Wave Propagation Follows contour of the earth Can propagate considerable distances Frequencies up to 3 MHz Example: AM radio broadcasting uses MF band Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih
Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih 2- Sky Wave Propagation At HF bands, the ground waves tend to be absorbed by the earth. The waves that reach ionosphere (100-500km above earth surface), are refracted and sent back to earth Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih
3- Space Wave Propagation VHF Transmission Waves follow more direct paths LOS: Line-of-Sight Communication Directional antennas can be used Reflected wave interfere with the original signal LOS path Reflected Wave Eng. Ibrahim N. Abu-Isbeih