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“Adulteration &Drug Evaluation” E- mail: rmspharma@gmail.com A SEMINAR ON “Adulteration &Drug Evaluation” Presented by MAHARUDRA S. RAKH M. PHARM ., M.B.A E- mail: rmspharma@gmail.com PHARMACOGNOSY First year
“Adulteration of crude drugs” It is the debasement of an article Adulteration normally involves either incorporation of impurities, removal of part of active constituents of a drug, addition of low grade material or altogether a different material Adulteration may be broadly defined as admixture or substitution of the genuine crude drug material with spurious, inferior, defective or otherwise useless or harmful substances rmspharma@gmail.com
Adulterant resembles in color, size, and shape of genine drug Method of adulteration Accidental adulteration: is due to careless, ignorance or due to lack of knowledgen Deliberate adulteration: is done to get high price of drug Adulteration involves following conditions 1. Spoilage 2. Deterioration 3. Inferiority 4. Substitution rmspharma@gmail.com
1. Substitution of inferior drug TYPES OF ADULTERATION 1. Substitution of inferior drug material obtained from inferior commercial varieties is used e.g. senna, ginger 2. Substitution of exhausted drugs vegetable residue retains natural appearance of original material e.g. clove, tea, ginger 3. Substitution with artificially manufactured material Certain materials are specifically manufactured artificially so as to simulate the general form and appearance of the genuine drug e.g. Honey, colve, saffron, rmspharma@gmail.com
4. Addition of worthless heavy material adulteration done with very heavy material in order to make heavy profits e.g. large mass of stone found in liquorice roots, pieces of limestone in pieces of asafoetida and lead shots found in opium 5. Substitution by sub-standard commercial varieties e.g. Capsicum frutescens by Capsicum annum 6. Substitution by Synthetic chemical with chemi. Consti. e.g. Citral to oil of lemongrass rmspharma@gmail.com