Topic 2 Process Description

Ventilation of the lungs Purpose & Knowledge Structures To describe the process of ventilation of the lungs Knowledge structures: definition + description + sequence Graphics: route, flow-chart, diagram

Ventilation of the lungs Graphics

Ventilation of the lungs Text Structure Paragraph 1: to identify / define the process to describe  a definition of the process to describe Paragraph 2: to describe the process  a description of the process Process description [Definition^ Description Sequence]

Ventilation of the lungs Text structure & Language use Description sequence Definition: being verb + noun phrase (head noun + relative clause / prepositional phrase) Identification/ Definition of process to describe Ventilation of the lungs Text structure & Language use Content obligatory vocabulary Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration. When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. Sequence: when-clause (time); sequence connective Sequence (route): action verbs + prepositional phrases relative clauses  Describe? Define?

Description sequence Identification/ Definition of process to describe Ventilation of the lungs Language of route = verb + prepositional phrase Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration. When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. Sequence (route): action verbs + prepositional phrases

enters through the mouth and the nose goes out through the mouth and the nose passes through the larynx and the trachea goes back to the trachea and the larynx to the bronchi into the two bronchi passes into these bronchioles to the bronchioles connect to tiny sacs called alveoli goes back from the alveoli

Ventilation of the lungs Noun Phrases as Subject & Object Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration. When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.

Ventilation of the lungs Noun Phrases as Subject & Object Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration. When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.

Ventilation of the lungs Chunking up long noun phrases Long noun phrases as Subject or Object: Find the verb of the sentence Underline the long noun phrase (Subject/Object) Circle the head noun Chunk up the pre and post unit by unit to add meaning to the head noun

Ventilation of the lungs Nominalisation: ventilation Unpack to an easier word version: Ventilation is a noun. It comes from the verb ‘ventilate’. Explain the easier word: To ventilate means to let air flow in and out freely, we usually do this to drive unfresh air out and to draw fresh air in so that we can get fresh air, we circulate fresh air, we ventilate air If you are in a stuffy room, you will like to ventilate the air so that you have fresh air. We use a ventilator for this. Do you have a ventilator at home, in the toilet and in the kitchen? Pack it up again: Our body also needs fresh air, we need fresh oxygen to live and we don’t want carbon dioxide …, so we need to ventilate air, oxygen and carbon dioxide, in and out of our body. We also call this ventilation. Our lungs ventilate air for us, so we talk about the ventilation of the lungs.

Ventilation of the lungs Nominalisation: respiration Unpack to an easier word version: Respiration is a noun. It comes from the verb ‘respire’. Explain the easier word: To respire is near to breathe, we breathe in and out air, we respire. But there is some difference between breathing and respiring. …. Pack it up again: Respiration is the process in which ….

Ventilation of the lungs Nominalisation What happens in daily life; concrete things we can see/feel abstract concept; knowledge in our brain Nominalisation = noun (abstract concept) Nominalisation is the process by which a noun (concrete), a verb or an adjective is turned into a noun that names an abstract concept. For example, n/v/adj meaning nominalised word abstract concept ventilate (v); ventilator (n) an action ventilation is the process by which… respire (v) respiration neutral (adj); neutralise (v) neutralisation is the process in which… transpire (v) transpiration displace (v) displacement is the phenomenon in which a thing a feeling

Ventilation of the lungs Unpacking nominalised nouns Nominalisation: Unpack the nominalised word back to the easier verb/adjective/noun Explain the easier word with subject meaning, give examples… Repack it using the nominalised word to tell subject meaning

Ventilation of the lungs Noun Phrases (noun head) the by which air is inhaled and exhaled the first in respiration. containing 21% oxygen containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide Ventilation process stage air air